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Nervous and Endocrine System

Nervous and Endocrine System. Vocabulary. Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases) hormones Hormone – a chemical created by the body that regulates (control) specific body functions Response – a reaction to a stimulus

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Nervous and Endocrine System

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  1. Nervous and Endocrine System

  2. Vocabulary • Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases) hormones • Hormone – a chemical created by the body that regulates (control) specific body functions • Response – a reaction to a stimulus • Stimulus – a change in the environment that causes you to react

  3. Nervous System: Body • Function: control and regulate all __________ activities • Allows you to __________ (response) to a __________(change in the environment) Respond Stimulus Stimulus: Smell of Food Response: Cat jump on the stove Stimulus: Hot stove Response: Cat screams and jumps off the stove

  4. Organs: Interprets Response A. Brain 1. receives and ______________ messages 2. Sends out ____________ messages 3. Three areas a) Cerebrum • i. Divided into two halves (______________) • ii. Largest part of the brain • iii. Controls ______________ muscles • iv. Allows you to think, remember and speak • b) Cerebellum • i. Allows for smooth body _______________ • ii. Controls ____________ and posture • c) Brain Stem • i. Medulla Oblongata • ii. Controls _______________ processes • ex. Breathing and heart rate Hemispheres Voluntary Movements Balance Automatic

  5. Organs:

  6. Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System – nerves from the spinal cord throughout the body

  7. Organs: Brain B. Spinal Cord: sends messages between the __________ and the body C. Nerves 1. ____________ messages (nerve impulse) 2. Messages always travel from ___________ to ________________ 3. Messages travel in the form of chemical and ______________ signals 4. _____________ is the space between two neurons 5. Messages travel across the synapse by _____________(chemicals released from the axon terminal to trigger the nerve impulse on the next neuron) Carries Dendrite Axon Terminal Electrical Synapse Neurotransmitter

  8. Nucleus Dendrite Axon Axon Terminal Neurotransmitter Dendrite As the message travels through the neuron it’s an electrical signal As the message crosses the synapse (gap) it’s a chemical signal

  9. 6. Three types of neurons: A. Sensory neuron: ____________ (stimulus) the message from receptors B. Interneuron: connects sensory to motor neuron C. Motor neuron: receives message (response) and tells effectors (muscles) what to do Receives

  10. Neurons • Dendrites – receive the nerve impulse • Nucleus – controls all activities of the cell • Axon Terminals release neurotransmitters into the synapse • Nerve impulses travel from the dendrite through the cell to the axon terminal (one direction only) • Nerve impulses travel through the cell as electrical signals

  11. Endocrine System:Function: control and regulate the body Parts: A. Glands: organs that produces and secrete _____________ B. Hormones 1. _______________ produced that affects the body 2. Transported by the ________________ system 3. Only affect their target organ Hormones Substances Circulatory

  12. Negative Feedback Mechanism 1. Controls the levels of hormones in your blood 2. Production of one hormone is controlled by the amount of another hormone in the blood 3. Maintains homoeostasis

  13. Review – Simple Machines • Simple Machines make work easier by reducing the amount force needed or the distance that the work is done for • Six Types: Incline Plane ex. Ramp Screw ex. Screw or jar lid Wedge ex. Ax or knife Pulley ex. Flagpole or clothesline the more pulleys the less force you need Wheel and Axle ex. Bicycle wheel Lever ex. See saw or bat or wheel barrow

  14. Review – Simple Machines • Levers – three classes • FRE…123 • F- Fulcrum (pivot point) • R- Resistance (object you want to move) • E- Effort (force you apply) • 1st Class the fulcrum in the center ex. See saw or crowbar • 2nd class the resistance in the center ex. Wheel barrow • 3rd class the effort in the center ex. Shovel or bat • Complex Machine is two or more simple machines used together

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