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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems. n eurons and the brain. Neurons. Neuron: a nerve cell. The basic building block of the nervous system Dendrite : The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward cell body

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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

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  1. The Nervous and Endocrine Systems neurons and the brain

  2. Neurons Neuron:a nerve cell. The basic building block of the nervous system Dendrite: The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward cell body Axon: the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers. Used to pass messages to other neurons or muscles and glands Myelin Sheath: A layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of many neurons. Speeds up message transmission

  3. The Neuron

  4. How Neurons Communicate • Neural connections are VERY small. It’s hard to see, even with a microscope • Terminal branches of one neuron connect to the soma or dendrite of another neuron creating a synapse Synapse: the connection point of one neuron to another Neurotransmitters: chemical messages that are sent across synapses to start an impulse (message)

  5. Neural Network

  6. Synapse

  7. Step-by-Step • Message formed and sent from the soma. Don’t forget that messages are simply neurotransmitters (chemicals) • Message travels down the axon • Message is sped up by the Myelin Sheath • Message reaches terminal branch and prepares to jump • Message jumps synapse • Message is received by the next neuron

  8. Nervous System Nervous System: the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system Central Nervous System (CNS): The brain and spinal chord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. Two parts: • Autonomatic (ANS): controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. AUTOMATIC • Somatic (SNS): controls the body skeletal muscles SKELETAL

  9. Nervous System (copy the chart into notes)

  10. Mirror Neurons Mirror Neurons Video (TED Talks)

  11. The Endocrine System Endocrine System: the body’s slow chemical communication system that uses hormones and the blood stream Hormones: chemical messengers, made by endocrine glands

  12. A Few Endocrine Glands Pituitary Gland: regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. Located under the Hypothalamus Adrenal Glands: a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys that produce adrenaline and noradrenaline which arouse the body in times of stress

  13. The Nervous and Endocrine Systems • The Nervous System is FAST and is ELECTROCHEMICAL • The Endocrine System is SLOW and uses HORMONES

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