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Women and Food Security in sub-Saharan Africa

Women and Food Security in sub-Saharan Africa. Emilia Biavaschi Public Health and Social Justice December 4, 2008. 1. Hunger in Africa. An increase of 43 million undernourished individuals between 1990-1992 and 2003-2005, bringing total to 169 million people.

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Women and Food Security in sub-Saharan Africa

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  1. Women and Food Security in sub-Saharan Africa Emilia Biavaschi Public Health and Social Justice December 4, 2008 1

  2. Hunger in Africa • An increase of 43 million undernourished individuals between 1990-1992 and 2003-2005, bringing total to 169 million people • In 2007, 24 million more became undernourished • In 2007 and 2008 prices rose from 30-150% for staple foods 2

  3. Food Security of Women • Women feed themselves last • Disproportionately affected by higher food prices 3

  4. Women and Agriculture • Produce at least 70% of the food • Own only 1% of the land • Receive 7% of the extension services and 10% of the credit that is available to small-scale farmers 4

  5. Inequalities in Agriculture Structural Adjustment Policies: • Conditions placed on loans from WB and IMF • Reduction in state spending  privatization, deregulation, reduction in services • Trade liberalization • Staple crops  cash crops 5

  6. Structural Agreement Policies:Consequences • Net food exporters  net food importers • 45% of rice and 85% of wheat consumed in sub-Saharan Africa is now imported • Devaluing of small-scale, subsistence agriculture • Training services, subsidies, and available credit all decrease for women who make up the majority of this sector • Policies and programs implemented with no input by those being affected 6

  7. Future Solutions • Microfinance programs • Addressing gender inequalities in policy • Policies and programs encouraging small-scale food crops over large-scale cash crops • Admit policy failures and move on • Locally designed and implemented • UN Report on Organic Agriculture 7

  8. Resources Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2008, 17 September). Hunger on the rise: Soaring prices add 75 million people to global hunger rolls (Briefing Paper). Retrieved October 20, 2008, from http://www.fao.org/newsroom Food and Water Watch. (2008). What’s behind the global food crisis? How trade policy undermined Africa’s food self-sufficiency. Retrieved November 1, 2008, from http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/pubs/reports FoodFirst Institute for Food and Development Policy. (2008, October). The world food crisis (Policy Brief No. 16). Retrieved November 1, 2008, from http://www.foodfirst.org/en/publications/policybriefs Oxfam International. (2008, October). Double-edged prices: Lessons from the food price price crisis – 10 actions developing countries should take (Briefing Paper). Retrieved November 10, 2008, from http://www.oxfam.org Structural Adjustment Participatory Review International Network (SAPRIN). (2002, April). The policy roots of economic crisis and poverty: A multi-country participatory assessment of structural adjustment. Washington DC. United Nations. (2008). Organic agriculture and food security in Africa. UNEP UNCTAD Capacity Building Task Force on Trade, Environment and Development. New York and Geneva. United Nations. (n.d.). Microfinance in Africa: Combining the best practices of traditional and modern microfinance approaches towards poverty eradication. Economic and Social Affairs. Washington DC. United Nations. (n.d.). Role of microcredit in the eradication of poverty -report of the Secretary-General 8

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