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Kingdoms of Modern Life

Kingdoms of Modern Life. Kingdom Monera (“Monerans”). Smallest and simplest lifeforms Unicellular (one-celled) no nucleus Bacteria and cyanobacteria. Bacteria. Three basic shapes: round (cocci) rod (bacilli) spiral (spirilli). Kingdom Protista(“Protists”).

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Kingdoms of Modern Life

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  1. Kingdoms of Modern Life

  2. Kingdom Monera (“Monerans”) • Smallest and simplest lifeforms • Unicellular (one-celled) • no nucleus • Bacteria and cyanobacteria

  3. Bacteria • Three basic shapes: • round (cocci) • rod (bacilli) • spiral (spirilli)

  4. Kingdom Protista(“Protists”) • Single-celled or multicellular • more complex than organisms in Kingdom Monera • nucleus • protozoans (animal-like) • algae (plant-like)

  5. Protozoans • Kingdom Protista • no cell wall or chlorophyll • internal digestion • no locomotion (some)

  6. Algae • Cell walls • Chlorophyll • Photosynthetic • Placed in groups according to color and structure

  7. Kingdom Fungi • Multicellular; complex • cell walls, no chlorophyll • Threadlike fungi (bread mold) • club fungi (mushrooms) • sac fungi (yeast and mildew)

  8. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular, cell walls, and chlorophyll • Largest and longest-living things on Earth • Vascular or Nonvascular

  9. Nonvascular Plants • CANNOT conduct water • Example: Moss • Moist environment

  10. Vascular Plants • CAN conduct water • Capable of living in drier areas • Club mosses, Ferns, Horsetails, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms

  11. Gymnosperms • Seed plant • name means “naked seed” • Most are conifers

  12. Angiosperms -Flowering Plants • Seed plant • name means “covered seed” • Seeds are produced inside ovaries • A ripened ovary is a fruit • largest/most diverse plants

  13. Sponges (invertebrate) • Simplest of the animal groups • lives in salt water attached to the bottom • Hollow central cavity • Two layers of body cells with tiny pores

  14. Coelenterates (invertebrate) • Jellyfish, hydras, and corals • two cell layers • Live in water • hollow body with a single opening

  15. Flatworms (invertebrate) • Flattened body; mostly parasitic • one body opening • two eyespots (light detection) • Turbellarians (free-living) • Planarians (freshwater Turbellarians)

  16. Roundworms (invertebrate) • Rounded shaped • two body openings (eating and waste expulsion) • mostly free-living • Ex: Nematodes and hookworms

  17. Segmented Worms (invertebrate) • Rounded, segmented bodies • two body openings • has five hearts and a brain • Ex: leeches and marine tube worms

  18. Mollusks (invertebrate) • Soft-bodies, no shell: (octopus/squid) • well-developed organs • some with shells: (clams/oysters)

  19. Arthropods (invertebrate) • Largest group of animals • multiple body segments • jointed appendages (legs/arms) • exoskeleton (hard outer covering)

  20. Arthropods (continued) • Well-developed organs • insects, lobsters, crabs, and spiders

  21. Echinoderms (invertebrate) • Spiny skinned animals • star fish (sea stars), sand dollars, sea cucumbers • flexible arms; tube feet • known for regeneration (ability to grow new body parts)

  22. Vertebrates • Have backbones • body with a head and most have appendages • endoskeleton (internal skeleton for support/protection)

  23. Vertebrates (continued) • Endotherm (warm- blooded); these organisms can control their body temperature from within despite changes in the environment

  24. Vertebrates (continued) • Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body temperature changes with the environment

  25. Jawless fishes • Ex: Sea lamprey • mouth is used for sucking fluids; no appendages (fins) • flexible skeleton made of cartilage • ectotherms

  26. Cartilaginous Fishes • Two pairs of fins; gills • ectotherms • strong teeth (sharks) • SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE • stingrays, skates, sharks

  27. Bony fishes • Flounder, eels, trout, and others • SKELETON MADE OF BONE • gills • streamlined bodies (narrow shape) • most numerous group of fish

  28. Amphibians • Frogs, toads, salamanders • part of their life is spent on land and part of life is spent in the water; (ectotherms) • smooth, moist skin • gills when they are young and have lungs as adults

  29. Reptiles • Adapted to live on land (terrestrial) • breathe with lungs • body covered with plates or scales • ectotherms

  30. Reptiles • Dinosaurs • Turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators • lay eggs in a leathery shell

  31. Birds • Bodies adapted for flight (light, bones, feathers, and wings) • Scaly legs and feet • lay eggs in a hard shell • endotherms

  32. Mammals • Advanced nervous system; highly developed brain • Endotherms • Hairy bodies • can occupy several habitats • give birth to live young; produce milk mammary glands

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