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Bacteria

Bacteria. Prokaryote. Two Types. Eubacteria Live in many places Cell wall protects and gives shape Peptidoglycan Archaebateria No peptidoglycan DNA differs from eubacteria May come from eukaryotes Live in extreme environments. Prokaryotes Shapes. Bacilli – Rod shape Cocci : spherical

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria Prokaryote

  2. Two Types • Eubacteria • Live in many places • Cell wall protects and gives shape • Peptidoglycan • Archaebateria • No peptidoglycan • DNA differs from eubacteria • May come from eukaryotes • Live in extreme environments

  3. Prokaryotes Shapes • Bacilli – Rod shape • Cocci : spherical • Spirilla: Spiral or corkscrew

  4. Prefixes-naming a. diplo- 2 b. staphylo- cluster c. strepto- twisted chain

  5. Movement • Some do not move • Flagella : whip-like structure • Spiral forward • Move on slimy material they make

  6. Energy Use: Metabolism • Heterotrophs get energy from eating other organisms • Chemoheterotrophs: energy and carbon • Animals, humans • Photoheterotrophs: use light and organic compounds for carbon • Autotrophs: self feeder • Chemoautotroph: make carbon from CO2 and don’t need light • Photoautotroph: make carbon and need light (photosynthesis)

  7. Energy in Bacteria Released by: • Cellular Respiration (aerobic) • Fermentation (anaerobic) • Some bacteria can switch between O2 and no O2

  8. Reproduction • VERY FAST • Food and waste products limit this rate • Make a copy, binary fission, divides in half, asexual • Exchange genetic information, conjugation • Causes diversity and bacteria can change • Make endospore, stay dormant and wait for right conditions: spore formation

  9. Bacteria Cause Disease By: • Invading host • Reproducing • Produce toxins which disrupt normal function

  10. Benefits • Decomposers • Symbiotic Bacteria • ex. bacteria in mouth • mutualism ex. intestines • vinegar, cheese, yogurt • Antibiotics • 90%bacteria and fungi (ex. Penicillum) are natural • Some are synthetic • May become resistant over time • mutations, genetic changes

  11. Summarize Bacteria Notes Page 472 Figure 19-2 Draw and label in color

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