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Introduction to Cartography GEOG 2016 E

Introduction to Cartography GEOG 2016 E. Lecture-1 Introduction and Overview. Basics. We all tell people directions to somewhere. For example, we use the terms as two blocks south of the Parker building. Or about 100 meters north-west of the New Sudbury Center.

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Introduction to Cartography GEOG 2016 E

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  1. Introduction to CartographyGEOG 2016 E Lecture-1 Introduction and Overview

  2. Basics • We all tell people directions to somewhere. • For example, we use the terms as two blocks south of the Parker building. • Or about 100 meters north-west of the New Sudbury Center. • Sometimes we sketch a map to illustrate the directions. • In this respect, everyone is an amateur cartographer. • However the science of cartography is much more than drawing maps for directions.

  3. Importance of Cartography • In cartography we represent geographic information in digital or analog forms. • Digital: on computer • Analog: on paper • The question is, why do we want to represent geographic information? • Why do we want to represent this information graphically?

  4. Geographic Information • What kind of geographic information we wish to represent on a map? • Any information that is useful • Location – longitude, latitude • Elevation • Attributes • What are attributes? • Vegetation • Mineral resources • Structures etc. etc.

  5. Map of Sudbury

  6. Modern Trends in Cartography • The new trend is to move away from printed maps. • Geographic information is now preferably stored in computer databases. • This is highly advantageous since it allows: • Manipulation and analysis of spatial data • Develop remote sensing and GPS tracking systems • Develop Geographic Information Systems • Develop more visually informative maps

  7. History of Cartography • History of cartography is fairly old • First recorded maps were of stars (ca. 4000 BCE) • Babylonian civilization is known for its excellence in mathematics and astronomy • They created world maps in as early as 6th Century BCE

  8. Eratosthenes • Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer (276 BC – 195 BC) • Is considered the father of modern cartography • First person to use the word “geography” • First person to calculate the circumference of the earth • Introduced the idea of meridians and parallels

  9. Map by Eratosthenes

  10. Claudius Ptolemy • Roman mathematician, astronomer and geographer (AD 90 – AD 168) • Wrote Geographica – a compilation of world geography as it was known during his time • Drew maps on coordinates based on latitude and longitude • Also used lists and captions to describe map attributes

  11. Map by Ptolemy

  12. Maps in Other Cultures • Maps can be found in all ancient cultures • For example, China’s Han Dynasty in around 200 BCE created maps that had scales and directions • Islamic geographers, such as al-Khwarizmi and Al-Idrisi wrote books and drew maps • Al-Khwarizmi revised Ptolemy’s geography

  13. Ancient Chinese Map

  14. Map by Al-Idrisi

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