Pile Types

1. Pile Types 2011 PDCA Professor Pile Institute Patrick Hannigan GRL Engineers, Inc.

2. COMMON DRIVEN PILE TYPES Timber Composite Steel Pipe Steel H Precast Concrete

3. Driven Bearing Piles Driven Pile Classification Chart Concrete Steel Timber Composite H Pipe Timber TPT Pipe - Shell Closed End Open End Precast Cased, Cast-in-Place Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Filled Un-Filled Non-Jointed Pre-tension Post-tension Jointed Cylinder Driven w/ Mandrel Driven w/o Mandrel Pipe Cased Metal Shell Cased Pipe Monotube Tapertube

4. Timber Pile Overview

5. Timber Piles

6. Timber Piles

7. Timber Pile - Toe Protection

8. Timber Pile - Banding

9. H-Pile Overview

10. H-Piles

11. New Larger H-Pile Sections 18 in. HP 18 x 204, As = 60.0 in2

12. H-Pile - Toe Protection

13. H-Pile - Splices Full Penetration Groove Weld H-pile Splicer

14. H-Pile - Splices

15. Open End Pipe Pile Overview

16. Outside Cutting Shoe

17. Inside Cutting Shoe

18. Large Diameter Open End Pipe

19. Spin Fin Pile

20. Closed End Pipe Pile Overview

21. Typical Pipe Pile Closure Plate Fillet Weld Flat Closure Plate

22. Conical Pipe Pile Tip

23. Pipe Pile - Splicing Full Penetration Groove Weld

24. Pipe Pile - Splicing Friction Splicer

25. Monotube Pile Overview

26. Monotube Piles

27. Monotube Splicing Cut V Notches at 90˚ Fillet Weld Grind V Notches

28. Tapertube Pile Overview

29. Tapertube Piles

30. Cast-In-Place (Mandrel Driven)

31. Cast-In-Place (Mandrel Driven)

32. Cast-In-Place (Mandrel Driven)

33. Prestressed Concrete Overview

34. Prestressed Concrete

35. Prestressed Concrete Details 20 – 36 inch 11 – 18 inch void 10 – 24 inch 11 – 15 inch void Typical Sizes 10 – 20 inch

36. Concrete Pile Splices

37. Mechanical Splice

38. Epoxy-Dowel Splice

39. Prestressed Concrete - Cutoff

40. Spun Cast Concrete Cylinder Piles

41. Spun Cast Concrete Cylinder Piles Pile Properties High strength concrete, f’c = 7 ksi, fpe = 1.2 ksi 16 ft long pile segments (typical) Segments combined and post-tensioned Typical Sizes 36, 42, 48, 54, & 66 inch O.D. 5 & 6 inch wall Typical Design Loads 250 to 800 tons

42. ICP Spun Cast Pile Pile Properties High strength concrete f’c = 10 ksi, fpe = 1 ksi 20 to 120 ft long segments Welded pile splice Typical Pile Sizes 9.8 to 47.2 inch O.D. 2.2 to 5.9 inch wall Typical Design Loads 80 to 1100 tons

43. ICP Spun Cast Pile Welded Splice

44. Composite Piles - Overview

45. Composite Piles Pipe – H-pile Concrete – H-pile

46. Composite Piles Corrugated Shell - Timber Pipe - Concrete

47. Pile Selection • Practice of having a standard or favorite pile type is NOT recommended • Each type has advantages & disadvantages • Several pile types or sections may meet the project design requirements

48. Pile Selection Therefore, all candidate pile types should be carried forward in the design process Final pile selection should be based on most economical section meeting the design requirements

49. Site Considerations on Pile Selection Impact of vibrations on nearby structures. Remote areas may restrict equipment size. Local availability of pile materials and capabilities of local contractors. Waterborne operations may dictate use of shorter pile sections. Steep terrain may make use of certain pile equipment costly or impossible.

50. Subsurface Effects on Pile Selection Typical Problem Recommendation Boulders over Bearing Stratum Use Heavy Low Displacement Pile With Shoe. Include Contingent Predrilling Item in Contract. Loose Cohesionless Soil Use Tapered Pile to Develop Maximum Shaft Resistance. Negative Shaft Resistance Avoid Batter Piles. Use Smooth Steel Pile to Minimize Drag Load or Use Bitumen Coating or Plastic Wrap. Could Also Use Higher Design Stress. Deep Soft Clay Use Rough Concrete Piles to Increase Adhesion and Rate of Pore Water Dissipation.