MRS. CONTRERAS Language Arts 9 th Grade – Eng I Gifted/Honors Room C209

1. Welcome Braddock Bulldogs!!! MRS. CONTRERASLanguage Arts9th Grade – Eng I Gifted/Honors Room C209 2006-2007

2. Home Learning PASS TO THE FRONT: • Nothing due.

3. Announcement… • Please do not throw out any handouts I’ve given you unless these were reading packets we’ve already covered. • Save all writing and grammar handouts.

4. Weekly Forecast1/8/07 – 1/12/07 • Monday – FCAT Practice (LAA244,LAA247, LAA248 packet pg 16-20. Read/discuss Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" Act I. • Tuesday – District FCAT writes prompt. Distribution of Research Project. • Wednesday – District Interim Assessments (block schedule) • Thursday – District Interim Assessments (block schedule) • Friday – Verbs (Progressive, Emphatic, Shifting, Voice- Passive/Active 151-156). Read/discuss Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" Act I

5. Home Learning By Tuesday, 1/16: • Read Introduction to Shakespeare, Globe and plays (slides to follow). • Read about sonnets pg 804, Petrarch, Ronsard, Shakespeare pg 806-817. • Write & illustrate your own Shakespearean sonnet in iambic pentameter (read pgs 813 & 817 to help with this assignment). • Finish grammar 151-156. • Film showing of "Othello" after school Tuesday & Thursday of this week (extra credit towards class participation). Have a great week!

6. District FCAT Writing Prompt: • Many teenagers feel that the voting age should be lowered from 18 to 16. • Think about the effects of lowering the voting age from 18 to 16. • Now write to convince your state legislator whether the voting age should be lowered from 18 to 16. You have 45 minutes Planning is essential!

7. Verb Tenses Review: Base form – default/non-inflected - talk Present – base form (third person he/she/it add –s or –es) – talks Present participle – add –ing to base form + helping verb - are talking Past – base form + -d or -ed (regular verbs)– talked. Irregular verbs take on variety of forms - came Past participle – add –ed or –d to base form + helping verb – The sisters have talked. Future – add will to base form – She will talk. Present Perfect – past tense of verb + has or have – I have talked – She has talked Past Perfect – past participle + had – They had talked before we did. Future Perfect – past participle + will have – They will have talked before Saturday.

8. Renaissance Theater Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.

9. Renaissance Theater • Renaissance audiences were not new to drama. In fact, they were accustomed to miracle and mystery plays, the medieval version of drama, which evolved as reenactments of biblical stories and church ceremonies and were put on in marketplaces of towns. These morality plays, as they became known taught people how to live (Holt, Rinehart and Winston 283). Noah’s Ark morality play. Courtesy of Google Images.

10. Renaissance Theater • By the mid-sixteenth century, drama in England was three centuries old, but the idea of housing it in a permanent structure was new (284). • Even after theaters were built, plays were performed in improvised spaces, such as the large houses of royalty and nobility (284). Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.

11. The Making of Shakespeare’s Globe • In 1576, James Burbage, the father of Shakespeare’s partner and fellow actor Richard Burbage, built the first public theater in the northern suburb of London (284). • After this initial theater, the Curtain followed, as well as the Rose, Swan, Fortune, Globe, Red Bull and the Hope (284).

12. The Globe • Famous because many Shakespearean plays were initially performed there. • The structure was built from salvaged timbers from when the Theater burned down in 1599. • The more expensive seats were those placed literally on either side of the stage. This made certain patrons more conspicuous but would have been a nuisance to other audience members and actors. • The theater could squeeze together up to three thousand spectators, a reason theaters would close during epidemics. Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.

13. The Globe • Since the blueprints of the Globe are not available to us, most scholars accept as accurate the reconstruction of the Globe by C. Walter Hodges, whose drawings appear to the left. • The structure was three stories high surrounding a spacious inner yard open to the sky. The theater was probably a sixteen-sided polygon, giving it a circular appearance. • Shakespeare commonly referred to the Globe as “this wooden O” in his history play Henry V. • There were probably two entrances to the building, one for the public and one for theater company. Globe Playhouse 1599-1613 by C. Walter Hodges. Courtesy of Google Images.

14. The Globe • Admission cost one penny, entitling a spectator to be a groundling. This person was allowed to stand next to other groundlings which would gather around the wooden platform (stage) which projected into the yard seen to the right. • Because actors were so close to the audience, every tiny nuance of an actor’s performance greatly impacted the audience. Globe Playhouse and groundlings. Courtesy of Google Images.

15. The Globe • Actors were highly trained. They could sing, dance, wrestle, fence, clown, roar, weep and whisper. • Large sensational effects were also plentiful. For example, if someone was to be carried into the heavens. The actor would be strapped to a rope and everyone pretended he was being lifted towards the Heaven, the top of the stage. • The ceiling was painted with elaborate suns, moons and stars, also containing trapdoors for angels, gods and spirits to descend onto the stage or flown over the actors’ heads. • Also, spectators loved to see witches or devils emerge from trapdoors in the stage, which everyone pretended led down to Hell. Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.

16. The Globe • The third part of the theater was the tiring (from tire, an archaic form of “attire”). • This was a tall building that contained machinery and dressing rooms, providing a two story backwall for the stage. As seen on this picture, there is a gallery above (perfect for Romeo climbing up to Juliet’s window) and a curtained space below. • The gallery also had other purposes. Spectators could sit there. Musicians could perform there, or parts of the play could be acted there. • The curtained spaces could serve as rooms from which the actors would step out onto the stage to be heard better. Globe Playhouse. Courtesy of Google Images.

17. The Power of Make-Belief • Renaissance audiences took for granted that the theater cannot show “reality.” • What this meant was that whatever happened onstage was make-belief. • When the audience saw actors carrying lanterns, they knew it was night, even though the sun was shining brightly overhead. Often, instead of seeing a scene, audiences heard it described, as when Shakespeare has a character in Hamlet exclaim over a sunrise, “But look, the morn in russet mantle clad / Walks o’er the dew of yon high eastward hill” (I.i.166-167). • When a forest setting was required, bushes or small trees were pushed onto the stage. There were no painted sceneries. “The Fog.” Courtesy of Google Images.

18. Renaissance Pomp & Pageantry • Theaters were very ornate, and their interiors were brightly painted. • Backstage area could be covered with colorful tapestries or hangings. • Costumes were rich elaborate and expensive. • Audiences also enjoyed the processions – religious, royal, military- that occurred in many plays, entering through one stage door and exiting through the opposite. Actors quickly changed in the tiring house, keeping the processions going. Queen Elizabeth I. Courtesy of Google Images.

19. Renaissance Pomp & Pageantry • Audiences not only expected to see comedy or tragedy in the Renaissance, but they also expected music, both vocal and instrumental. • Trumpets announced the play’s beginning and important arrivals within the play. • High up in the gallery, musicians played between acts and at other appropriate times during the performance. In fact, scattered throughout most of the plays, especially comedies, were songs. • The music of Shakespearean plays were the best of this kind, for the playwright excelled in lyric and dramatic poetry. Ladies playing instruments. Courtesy of Google Images.

20. Renaissance Pomp & Pageantry • Audiences not only expected to see comedy or tragedy in the Renaissance, but they also expected music, both vocal and instrumental. • Trumpets announced the play’s beginning and important arrivals within the play. • High up in the gallery, musicians played between acts and at other appropriate times during the performance. In fact, scattered throughout most of the plays, especially comedies, were songs. • The music of Shakespearean plays were the best of this kind, for the playwright excelled in lyric and dramatic poetry. Each song was spontaneously sung during the play but adapted to the scene and actor. Renaissance Music. Courtesy of Google Images.

21. Varying the Venue • Acting companies performed at other locations besides the public theaters. • These two locations were often great halls of castles and manor houses like those shown above. • Portable stages were used for performances that would not include a need to depict the heavens. • Other than plays, typical performances at the above referenced locations were those of bears being attacked by dogs. Performance at castle. Courtesy of Google Images. Amboise Manor House. Courtesy of Google Images.

22. Sir William Shakespeare • Shakespeare wrote more than 36 plays and over 150 poems. • The poet’s work has generated much speculation, to include whether someone else could have written the works themselves. • Part of the reason for such speculation is that little is known about the poet’s life, even though his life is better documented than other dramatists of his time. Ben Jonson is perhaps the exception. The two acted together and knew each other quite well. • Jonson praised Shakespeare after his death, claiming that he was “not of an age, but for all time.” Shakespeare (1564-1616). Courtesy of Google Images.

23. Sir William Shakespeare • Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avalon, a historic and prosperous market town in Warwickshire, England. • William’s father was John Shakespeare, a merchant once active in the town’s government. • His mother, Mary Arden, came from a prominent family. • Young William attended grammar school, where he obtained an excellent education in Latin, the Bible, and English composition. • Students were expected to translate a Latin work into English and then translate back to Latin. • It is speculated that Shakespeare learned various trades prior to his fame. • At eighteen, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway and had three children, a daughter named Susanna and twins named Hamnet and Judith. Shakespeare’s birthplace (Stratford-on-Avalon). Courtesy of Google Images. River Avon. Courtesy of Google Images.

24. Sir William Shakespeare • No one is sure how Shakespeare supported his new family, but according to tradition, he taught school for a few years. • His two daughters grew up and married, but the boy died when he was just eleven. • It is speculated that Shakespeare became interested in theater by seeing the regular performances that came to Stratford. • To become a dramatist, the place to be was London, as the theaters were thriving in the 1580s. • From 1592 on, there is plenty of documentation about Shakespeare’s work and life. • Shakespeare worked from 1592 until retirement in about 1613. • Even though actors had a very low social status, they did enjoy the patronage of noblemen and royalty. For instance, The Rape of Lucrece (1594) was dedicated to a rich noblewoman. Poets under the patronage system often wrote poems alluding to their patrons. As word of mouth spread, a poet could gain greater notoriety. • He became famous after his publishing of his erotic narrative poem Venus and Adonis (1593). • The extraordinary thing about Shakespeare’s work – each being different from others – is the fact that they deal with perennial themes, the principal reason why they are still revived and performed.

25. Sir William Shakespeare • By 1596, Shakespeare was prospering. He had his father apply to the Heralds’ College for a coat of arms, signifying that they were now “gentlefolk,” or people of high social standing. • The poet also bought New Place, a beautiful and elegant house and grounds in Stratford. After Susanna inherited the house, the queen stayed there one time. • By 1598, Shakespeare was earning money as a playwright, actor and shareholder in a theater. • By 1600, Shakespeare was regularly associating with aristocracy, with six of his plays performed at the court of Queen Elizabeth. • Shakespeare also prospered under Elizabeth’s successor, King James of Scotland, performing several plays at court. • King James loved performances, taking Shakespeare’s company under his patronage and renaming it the King’s Men, giving them patents to perform anywhere in the realm. This much patronage brought Shakespeare great wealth and notoriety. • After 1601, Shakespeare wrote some of his greatest tragedies, and many critics feel that he must have been unhappy as these are deeply preoccupied with evil, violence and death. This is an invented “tragic period” as it would be a mistake to assume a one-to-one correlation between work and a poet, like Shakespeare, who wrote to impress patrons.

26. Sir William Shakespeare • After retirement in about 1610, Shakespeare continued to remain busy with the running the King’s Men and their two theaters: the Globe (1599) useful for outdoor performances and the Blackfriars (1608), used for indoor performances. • When the queen died in 1603, Shakespeare did not praise her in print. It was speculated that Shakespeare was an admirer of the earl of Essex, whom the queen had executed for rebellion. • The Globe caught on fire in 1613 at the firing of the cannon at the end of Act I of Henry VIII. • After Shakespeare’s death in 1616, his partners gathered all his plays. These works, known as the “first folio” were later published in 1623.

27. Shakespearean Works… • Timon of Athens (1607-1608) • Pericles (1607-1608) • Cymbeline (1609-1610) • The Winter’s Tale (1610-1611) • The Tempest (1611-1612) • The Two Noble Kinsmen (1612) • Henry VIII (1613) • Richard II (1595-1596) • Henry IV (1596-1597) • Henry V (1599) • Julius Caesar (1599) • A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595-1596) • The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597) • Much Ado About Nothing (1598-1599) • As You Like It (1598-1600) • Twelfth Night (1600-1601) • Hamlet (1600-1601) • The Merry Wives of Windsor (1600-1601) • Othello (1601-1602) • All’s Well that Ends Well (1602-1603) • Measure for Measure (1604) • King Lear (1605) • Macbeth (1606-1607) • Antony and Cleopatra (1606-1607)

28. COMEDY: By contrast the character in a comedy do not live under this iron law of cause and effect; they can do whatever they please as long as they amuse their audience and as long as the funny mess they have created is cleaned up at the end of the play. TRAGEDY: a kind of work in which human actions have inevitable consequences. The characters’ bad deeds, errors, mistakes, and crimes are never forgiven or rectified. In tragedy, an ill-judged action will remorselessly lead to a catastrophe. Courtesy of Google Images.