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Lecture 7: Chp 6 Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Lecture 7: Chp 6 Newton’s Second Law of Motion. Acceleration & Force. Newton’s Second Law of Motion. Newton’s first law says that a force is needed to change an object’s motion. What kind of change happens? Acceleration ! What is acceleration?

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Lecture 7: Chp 6 Newton’s Second Law of Motion

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  1. Lecture 7: Chp 6Newton’s Second Law of Motion Acceleration & Force

  2. Newton’s Second Law of Motion • Newton’s first law says that a force is needed to change an object’s motion. • What kind of change happens? • Acceleration! • What is acceleration? • The rate at which velocity changes over time.

  3. 34.Force = Mass x Acceleration

  4. What is acceleration? Predict whether the following are true or false. • If you slow down on your bike, you are accelerating. • If you ride your bike at constant speed, you cannot accelerate. • Changing the speed and changing the direction of your bike are both examples of acceleration.

  5. Acceleration: going fast??? • This is where it gets tricky… we typically think of acceleration as going fast. • Remember that a change in velocity could be a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. • So if you are accelerating, it means you are changing speed (going faster or slower) or direction. • A decrease in speed is called deceleration.

  6. What is acceleration? • If you slow down on your bike, you are accelerating - TRUE: any change in speed is acceleration. • If you ride your bike at constant speed, you cannot accelerate. - FALSE: you could be changing direction. • Changing the speed and changing the direction of your bike are both examples of acceleration. - TRUE: any change in velocity (speed or direction or both)

  7. What is acceleration? • Think about it this way… • What happens when you coast down a long hill on your bike or board? • At the top of the hill, you move slowly. • As you go down the hill, you move faster & faster - you accelerate! • If your speed increases by 1 mph each second, then your acceleration is 1 mph per second.

  8. 36. Eureka:Acceleration II

  9. Acceleration Equation

  10. 35. Eureka:Acceleration I

  11. How do you calculate acceleration? Example #1: In a summer storm, the wind is blowing with a velocity of 8 m/s north. Suddenly, in 3 seconds, the wind’s velocity is 23 m/s north. What is the acceleration in the wind? • 23 - 8 m/s = 15 m/s 3 s 3 s • 5 m/s/s or 5 m/s2 north

  12. How do you calculate acceleration? Example #2: You are riding your bike downhill at a speed of 15 m/s west. Five seconds later, you find yourself traveling 25 m/s west. What is your acceleration • 25 - 15 m/s = 10 m/s 5 s 5 s • 2 m/s/s or 2 m/s2 west

  13. How do you calculate acceleration? Example #3: At point A, a runner is jogging at 3 m/s. Twenty seconds later, at point B on a hill, the jogger’s velocity is now 1 m/s. What is the jogger’s acceleration from point A to point B? • 1 - 3 m/s = -2 m/s 20 s 20 s • -0.1 m/s/s or -0.1 m/s2 up • This person is decelerating, or getting slower.

  14. Newton’s Second Law of Motion • The second law says that the acceleration of an object produced by a force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the force, the same direction as the force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

  15. Newton’s Law #2 • Another way to phrase it: force causes acceleration, & mass resists acceleration. • As mass or acceleration increases, force increases. • As mass or acceleration decrease, force decreases. • Dr. Skateboard Video

  16. Newton’s Law #2 • What does this mean, really? • Picture a trip to Costco. • After grabbing a hot dog or piece of pizza, you grab a cart & start shopping. • At first, the cart is nice & light, and fun to drive around & pretend to race people. • By the time you’re done shopping, what does the cart look like? • FULL!!!! • How does it feel to move it? • HARD! • It takes MORE force to accelerate MORE mass.

  17. Force = mass x acceleration • It takes one hand to push the brick. • F = m x a • If you apply twice the force by using two hands, the acceleration increases by two. • 2F = m x 2a

  18. Force = mass x acceleration • If you have twice the mass, it takes twice the force to move it at the same acceleration. • 2F = 2m x a • But if you push two bricks with the same force, they accelerate half as fast. • F = 2m x 1/2a

  19. Newton’s Law #2 and Falling Objects • Remember what you learned about the rate of acceleration for falling objects? • All falling objects fall to the Earth with the same acceleration… 9.8 m/s/s. • Does more mass make an object fall faster? • No, the acceleration is always9.8 m/s/s. • So let’s see how this works…

  20. Newton’s Law #2 and Falling Objects • An object is in free fall if it is accelerating due to the force of gravity & no other objects are acting on it. • A ball dropped off a cliff is in free fall until it hits the ground. • Objects in free fall accelerate at 9.8 m/s2 on Earth.

  21. BrainPops • Login: mms308 password: marshall • Be sure to watch: • 1. Albert Einstein • 2. Einsteins Theory of Relativity

  22. 37. Newton’s 3 Laws Review

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