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Florida Marine Reserve. Birds. Butterflies. Flying Beetles. Canopy Beetles. Lawton, J.H., et al. (1998) Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature , 391 , 72-76. Canopy Ants. Litter Ants. Termites. Nematodes.
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Birds Butterflies Flying Beetles Canopy Beetles Lawton, J.H., et al. (1998) Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature, 391, 72-76. Canopy Ants Litter Ants Termites Nematodes
Indicator Species Lawton, J.H., et al. (1998) Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature, 391, 72-76.
Interaction Conservation • Thompson, J. N. 1996. Evolutionary ecology and the conservation of biodiversity. TREE 11:300-303. • Both ecological and evolutionary consequences • Geographic-mosaic theory of evolution / coevolution
Geographic Mosaic Theory • Species are groups of genetically differentiated populations • Outcomes of interactions vary among communities • Interacting species differ in their geographic ranges Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.
Geographic Mosaic Theory Thompson, J. N. 1997. Evaluating the dynamics of coevolution among geographically structured populations. Ecology 78:1619-1623.
Should we focus conservation efforts on: • Wilderness areas: Pristine areas far from human contact • Wildlife areas bordering “high density” human populations
Gardenification Janzen, D. 1998. Gardenification of Wildland Nature and the Human Footprint. Science 279:1312-1313. Janzen, D. 1999. Gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands: Multitasking, multicropping, and multiusers. PNAS 96:5987-5994.
Biodiversity and Human Conflict • 4 spp. of birds found on islands of Western Pacific delisted or upgraded (listed on the basis of surveys immediately following WWII) • The civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo has devastated wildlife – Garamba Park: ~ 4,000 / 12,000 elephants killed between 1995 and 1999.