1 / 18

CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Energy

CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Energy. I. Radioactivity. A. Definitions. Radioactivity emission of high-energy radiation from the nucleus of an atom Nuclide nucleus of an isotope Transmutation process of changing one element into another via nuclear decay. B. Types of Radiation. Alpha ( )

williamedward
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Energy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER25 Nuclear Energy I. Radioactivity

  2. A. Definitions • Radioactivity • emission of high-energy radiation from the nucleus of an atom • Nuclide • nucleus of an isotope • Transmutation • process of changing one element into another via nuclear decay

  3. B. Types of Radiation • Alpha () • helium nucleus paper 2+ • Beta-minus (-) • electron lead 1- • Gamma () • high-energy photon concrete 0

  4. C. Nuclear Decay • Why nuclides decay… • to obtain a stable ratio of neutrons to protons Stable Unstable (radioactive)

  5. C. Nuclear Decay TRANSMUTATION • Alpha Emission • Beta Emission

  6. Example Half-lives polonium-194 0.7 seconds lead-212 10.6 hours iodine-131 8.04 days carbon-14 5,370 years uranium-238 4.5 billion years D. Half-life • Half-life (t½) • time it takes for half of the nuclides in a sample to decay

  7. D. Half-life • How much of a 20-g sample of sodium-24 would remain after decaying for 30 hours? Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. GIVEN: total time = 30 hours t1/2 = 15 hours original mass = 20 g WORK: number of half-lives = 2 20 g ÷ 2 = 10 g (1 half-life) 10 g ÷ 2 = 5 g (2 half-lives) 5 g of 24Na would remain.

  8. CHAPTER25 Nuclear Energy II. Nuclear Reactions

  9. A. Fission • splitting a nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei • some mass is converted to large amounts of energy

  10. A. Fission • chain reaction - self-feeding reaction

  11. B. Fusion • combining of two nuclei to form one nucleus of larger mass • produces even more energy than fission • occurs naturally in stars

  12. CHAPTER25 Nuclear Energy III. Applications

  13. Cooling Tower A. Nuclear Power • Fission Reactors

  14. A. Nuclear Power • Fission Reactors

  15. A. Nuclear Power • Fusion Reactors (not yet sustainable)

  16. A. Nuclear Power • Fusion Reactors (not yet sustainable) National Spherical Torus Experiment Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor Princeton University

  17. 235U is limited danger of meltdown toxic waste thermal pollution Hydrogen is abundant no danger of meltdown no toxic waste not yet sustainable A. Nuclear Power FISSION FUSION vs.

  18. B. Others • Choose one of the following to investigate: • Irradiated Food (p.676) • Radioactive Dating (p.683) • Nuclear Medicine (p.692-693) • Make a mini-poster to display what you have learned.

More Related