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Choosing the Right Contraceptive for You: Effective Methods to Prevent Pregnancy and STIs

Learn about the various methods of contraception to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including hormonal methods, non-hormonal methods, and surgical methods. Understand the effectiveness rates and potential side effects of each method.

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Choosing the Right Contraceptive for You: Effective Methods to Prevent Pregnancy and STIs

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  1. Adapted from: Puberty: Choosing a Contraceptive that’s Right for You. SexualityandU.ca, 2010

  2. Birth Control (Contraception)

  3. Objective: • Review of reproductive systems • To learn about the various methods of contraception or birth control to prevent pregnancy and STIs

  4. Reproductive system: person with a vagina

  5. Reproductive system: person with a vagina

  6. Menstrual cycle

  7. Reproductive system: person with a penis

  8. Reproductive system: person with a penis

  9. STIs and Pregnancy Prevention • Abstinence • Hormonal Methods • Non-hormonal Methods

  10. What is the most effective method of preventing pregnancy and STIs? Abstinence

  11. What is abstinence? • avoiding vaginal intercourse (penis to vagina sex), • avoiding oral (mouth to penis or vagina sex) and anal intercourse (penis to anus sex), or • avoiding genital contact (any type of direct touching of the partner's penis or vagina) Abstaining is not necessarily forever, and it is not only for virgins.

  12. Abstinence • Abstinence is the only 100% effective method against STIs and pregnancy if you do not have vaginal, anal, oral sex or skin to skin contact. • What are alternative ways that a person who is abstinent can be intimate with a partner?

  13. Hormonal methods of birth control

  14. The pill • A hormonal method that contains: • estrogen and progesterone or • progesterone only • Prevents the release of a mature egg • Thickens cervical mucous • Changes the lining of the uterus • Typical effectiveness rate is 91%

  15. Transdermal patch • A patch that releases hormones through the skin • Thin, smooth and beige patch • Prevents the release of a mature egg • Thickens cervical mucous • Changes the lining of the uterus • Typical effectiveness rate is 91%

  16. Nuva Ring (vaginal ring) • Soft and flexible ring, inserted into the vagina • The ring slowly releases hormones while in the vagina for 3 weeks • Prevents the release of a mature egg • Thickens cervical mucous • Changes the lining of the uterus • Typical effectiveness rate is 91%

  17. Depo Provera – Injectable contraceptive • An injection of progestin administered every 12 to 13 weeks • Prevents the release of a mature egg • Thickens cervical mucous • Changes the lining of the uterus • Typical effectiveness rate is 94%

  18. Intrauterine Contraception -IUC • T-Shaped device that is inserted in the uterus by a Doctor or Nurse Practitioner • Two types of IUC: • the Copper intrauterine device (no hormone) • the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (contains a progestin) • Typical effectiveness rate is 99.8%

  19. Hormonal methods of birth control • Sideeffects that may occur during the first few months on hormonal contraception include : • irregular bleeding, spotting • nausea • mood swings • bloating • breast tenderness • headaches

  20. Emergency contraception • Can be taken up to 5 days after intercourse • The sooner it is taken, the better it works • Delays or prevents the release of an egg • May prevent implementation of a fertilized egg • 95 % effective if taken within 24 hours after intercourse • 85% effective if taken 25-48 hours after intercourse • 58% effective if taken 49-72 hours after intercourse

  21. Barrier methods (non-hormonal)

  22. Condom • Thin latex or polyurethane that fits over an erect penis • Catches sperm during ejaculation to prevent it from entering the vaginal/cervical canal • Typical effectiveness is 82% • Reduces but does not eliminate the spread of STIs and HIV • Demonstration

  23. Condom (female) • Polyurethane sheath inserted into the vagina • Provides a physical barrier to prevent sperm from entering cervical canal • Sperm is trapped in the condom, which is thrown away after use • Typical effectiveness rate is 79%

  24. Sponge and Spermicides • The sponge is a soft, disposable, device with a spermicide • Typical effectiveness is 76%-88% • Fits over the cervix • Traps and absorbs sperm to increase effect of spermicide • Spermicide in the sponge disables the sperm • Effective for up to 12 hours • Spermicides disable sperm • Typical effectiveness is 88%onge

  25. Surgical Methods

  26. Sterilization • Tubal ligation - a surgical procedure to close or block the fallopian tubes ensuring sperm and egg do not meet

  27. Sterilization • Vasectomy - A surgical procedure to close or block the vas deferens

  28. The Clinic • Located at 50 King St at the corner of King and Ridout by Budweiser Gardens • Birth control clinic, STI clinic and needle exchange • Free testing and treatment of most STIs • Inexpensive birth control and morning after pill

  29. Comparing Birth Control Effectiveness Abstinence 100% IUC 99.8% Depo Provera 94% The Pill 91% The Patch 91% The Ring 91% Male Condom 82% Female Condom 79% Sponge and Spermicides 76-88%

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