1 / 24

The French Revolution: Causes, Phases, and Impact

Explore the long-term causes, stages, and consequences of the French Revolution, from the liberal phase to the rise of the bourgeoisie, financial crisis, and social tensions. Discover key events like the storming of the Bastille and the declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Understand the impact of the revolution on the French monarchy, church-state relations, and the role of women.

williamerobinson
Download Presentation

The French Revolution: Causes, Phases, and Impact

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The French RevolutionStage 1 • Liberal Stage - Bourgeois Phase • 1789 - 1792

  2. Long term causes • Enlightenment ideas • Privileges and resentment among social classes: • nobles of the robe v. noble of the sword • bourgeoisie v. nobles • peasants resent seigneurial rights and dues • Financial crisis due to wars • Social tensions due to high prices, low wages, high unemployment and bad harvests for several years. • Ineffective and weak king • Unpopular queen

  3. The French Monarchy1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette Habsburg Dynasty Louis XVI Bourbon Dynasty

  4. Marie Antoinette’s Peasant Cottage The Royal Family “let them eat cake” “Madame deficit” “The Austrian Whore”

  5. Burden of taxation falls on the peasantry.

  6. Burdens of the French Urban Poor

  7. Estates General meets first time since 1614 Problem #1 - How to vote.

  8. Vote by head or Estate? 1st Estate = clergy 300 2% 2nd Estate = nobles 300 2% 3rd Estate = Everyone else 96% 648 lawyers Abbe Emmanuel Sieyes

  9. cahiers de doleances or list of grievances • critical of: • absolutism • seigneuralism • tax system • lettres de cachet • wanted: • a new national assembly

  10. The Third Estate proclaims itself the National Assembly of France, next. . .

  11. Time out for art. . . Neoclassicism • Glorifies heroes • Revival of Classical Style • Greco-Roman influence • Order, Intellectual • Very realistic looking; The Death of Socrates (1787) Jacques-Louis David On the eve of the Revolution, this picture served as a trumpet call to duty, and resistance to unjust authority.

  12. Storming the BastilleJuly 14, 1789 “Is it a revolt?” No, Sire, it is a Revolution.”

  13. The Great Fear: Peasant RevoltJuly 19 - August 3

  14. August 4th Decrees Death of the Old Regime • nobles stand and renounce their privileges • feudal dues are abolished • freedom of worship • abolition of sale of offices • abolition of exclusive right of hunting for nobles

  15. The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris.

  16. Women’s March October 1789

  17. The National Assembly also. . . • Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen • Civil Constitution of the French Clergy • juring vs. non-juring priests or refractory priests (those refusing to swear an oath of loyalty to the Revolution) • Constitution of 1791 • sets up a constitutional monarchy • active (paid taxes = 3-days wages) v. passive citizens

  18. The National Assembly also. . . • Granted citizenship and civil rights to Protestants and Jews • Ended the monopoly of the guilds • passed the Le Chapelier law - prohibiting workmen from joining together to refuse to work. • established civil marriages, divorce, inheritances to be divided equally among children • abolished slavery in France but not in the colonies (will lead to slave revolt in Haiti)

  19. Whoever acquired them were entitled to certain privileges in the purchase of church land. The state would retire the notes as the land was sold. They began circulating as paper currency. Government printed more INFLATION [they lost 99% of their value ultimately]. Therefore, future governments paid off their creditors with cheap money. Depreciation of the Assignat

  20. New Relations Between Church & State Government paid the salaries of the French clergy and maintained the churches. The church was reorganized: Parish priests elected by the district assemblies. Bishops  named by the department assemblies. The pope had NO voice in the appointment of the French clergy. It transformed France’sRoman Catholic Churchinto a branch of the state!!

  21. Meanwhile. . . Jean Paul Marat Attacked the king in his newspaper. Used popular sovereignty rhetoric of Rousseau

  22. Sir Edmund Burke (1790):Reflections on the Revolution in France Father of modern conservatism attacks the French Revolution change should come through gradual evolution not revolution

  23. Olympe de Gouges (1745-1793) Women played a vital role in the Revolution. But, The Declaration of the Rights of Man did NOT extend the rights and protections of citizenship to women.

  24. The First Coalition &TheBrunswick Manifesto (August 3, 1792) The First Coalition: Austria Prussia Britain Spain France vs. Revolutionary government will declare war.

More Related