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2014

ECOSYSTEMS. Výukový materiál EK 0 1 - 0 5 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR. 2014.

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2014

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  1. ECOSYSTEMS Výukový materiál EK 01 - 05 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

  2. elementary structural and functional unit of the biosphere including: • living component - biocoenosis • non living component – abiotic environment • there are natural relationships for the balance of the whole ecosystem ECOSYSTEMS

  3. terrestrial (land) ecosystems = geobiocoenosis: • borders are determined according to the most striking component - vegetation • all ecosystems: • characterized as open systems: • energy flow • substance circulation • development ECOSYSTEMS

  4. ecosystems are dependant on inputs: • solar energy • CO2 • water • mineral substances • ecosystems are dependant on outputs: • breathing • radiation • soil elution • flowing-off the surface water • wind erosion ECOSYSTEMS

  5. natural ecosystems: • oak-hornbeam forest • peatbog • lake • river branch • forest pool • even a tree stump ECOSYSTEMS

  6. artificial ecosystems: • created by the human activity • they are kept just thanks to so called additional energy > fertilizers, sprays, cultivations, weeding • field • orchard • aquarium ECOSYSTEMS

  7. in the ecosystem exist reciprocal relationships • most important are nutritional relationships = trophic • classification of organisms according to trophic relations: • producers • consumers • destroyers ECOSYSTEMS

  8. producers: • autotrophic organisms > photosynthesis • green plants • bacteria • plants in their biomass bind 1% of all substances • produced organic mass = primary production of the ecosystem ECOSYSTEMS

  9. ECOSYSTEMS

  10. consumers: • heterotrophic organisms > they consume organic substances created by producers • herbivora • carnivora • detritophags • parasites of plants, animals and humans ECOSYSTEMS

  11. ECOSYSTEMS

  12. destroyers = decomposers • organisms performing gradual decomposition of the necrotic organic mass into inorganic compounds - CO2 , H2O and mineral substances • substances are used again by producers • transmission of substances and energy proceeds in food chains ECOSYSTEMS

  13. ECOSYSTEMS

  14. decomposition: • key process in the nutrient cycle • among the most important groups of decomposers belong fungi and bacteria ECOSYSTEMS

  15. WORKSHEET

  16. WORKSHEET

  17. KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5. SOURCES

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