Chapter 5 Tissues Atoms Macromolecules Cells Tissues

1. Chapter 5 Tissues Atoms Macromolecules Cells Tissues The study of tissues is called Histology

2. Epithelial Cells Nerve Cells Connective & Muscle Cells

3. There are FOUR major types of tissues in the body.

4. Epithelial Tissue forms a covering A characteristic of epithelial tissues is one side is exposed to the outside of the body or to an internal space. The other side is anchored to connective tissue by a nonliving layer basement membrane

6. Simple Squamous Epithelium Found in lungs, capillaries & blood vessels, line body cavities, very thin and delicate

7. Cuboidal Epithelium Found in the ovaries, kidneys, salivary glands, thyroid gland, pancreas and liver Lining tubes or ducts in these structures

8. Columnar Epithelial Goblets cells produce mucus that protects the cells Found in the stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Some have cilia and are found in the female reproductive system.

9. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium These line the tubes of the respiratory system to remove dust and micro-organisms Goblet Cells produce mucus to trap the particles

10. Stratified Squamous Epithelium Skin, mouth, esophagus

11. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Line the ducts of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands and pancreas. Also found in ovaries and testes

12. Stratified Columnar Epithelium Found in the pharynx, urethra, ductus deferens

13. Transitional Epithelium Found in the urinary bladder, ureters and urethra Can stretch as the bladder fills

14. Exocrine Glands – Deliver secretions by way of a duct or tube to the inside or outside of the body

15. Release entire cells that breakdown to release contents Release content with some cell damage Release contents with no cellular damage to gland

16. Table 05.04 The most common structural protein is Collagen Most common structural protein is Collagen. Called Yellow Connective Tissue

17. Fibroblast – most common connective tissue cells Their fibers strengthen tissues

18. Scavenger Cell – another very common connective tissue cell This is a scavenger cell

19. Mast Cell Found near blood vessels produce heparin to prevent clots Produce histamines to promote inflammation and cause allergic response

21. Areolar Tissue Makes thin membranes throughout the body surrounding muscle groups and connects skin to underlying muscles Areolar means “open spaces” in latin

22. Adipose Tissue Contains are amounts of fat, layer under skin is for protection and insulation This is the most common loose connective tissue in the body

23. Reticular Tissue Thin collagenous fibers provide a framework to internal organs such as the liver and spleen

24. Dense Connective Tissue This tissue makes up tendons, ligaments and cartilage. It has a poor blood supply so is very slow to repair.

25. Cartilage – Three Types : Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage and Fibrocartilage Hyaline – Most common type, found at the end of bones, nose, respiratory system

26. Elastic Cartilage Found in the external ear and larynx

27. Fibrocartilage Very tough cartilage found in the intervertebral discs, knees and pelvis

28. Bone

29. Blood – it is a liquid connective tissue The Plasma is what holds the blood together

31. Skeletal or Striated Muscle Also called Voluntary Muscle – It does what you want it to do

32. Smooth Muscle Also called Involuntary Muscle – It takes care of itself

33. Cardiac Muscle This is Involuntary Muscle

34. Neuron or Nerve Cell There are three types of Neurons: Motor, Sensory and Associative Neuroglial or glial cell are crucial to the functioning of the neurons, they support neurons by supplying nutrients and cell to cell communications.