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Chapter 5 Tissues

Chapter 5 Tissues. Intercellular Connections . Individual cells connect to form tissues 3 ways: Tight junctions- Desmosome- adhesion between cells in spots. Allows from some permeability. Gap junctions- cytoplasms of adjacent cells are connected through transport proteins.

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Chapter 5 Tissues

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  1. Chapter 5Tissues

  2. Intercellular Connections • Individual cells connect to form tissues 3 ways: • Tight junctions- • Desmosome- adhesion between cells in spots. Allows from some permeability. • Gap junctions- cytoplasms of adjacent cells are connected through transport proteins. • Ions can pass freely through cells.

  3. Intercellular Connections

  4. Tissue Types A tissue is a group of cells with a common structure & function The human body is composed of four main tissue types: • 1. • 2. Connective • 3. • 4. Nerve

  5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue

  6. Characteristics • Always has a free (apical) surface exposed to outside or open space. • Has a basement membrane to anchor underlying tissue

  7. Functions • Covers body surfaces • Protects • Absorbs • Excretes

  8. Classified by Shape • Squamous – • Cuboidal – • Columnar –

  9. Classified by Shape May occur in layers: • Simple – • Stratified – 2 or more layers • Pseudostratified– • Example – simple cuboidal • Example – stratified columnar

  10. Examples of Epithelial Tissue

  11. s Simple Squamous- Thin, flattened cells. Allow for diffusion and filtration. Line air sacs of lungs and walls of capillaries.

  12. Simple cuboidal-single layer of cube shaped cells. Lines follicles of thyroid gland, kidneys and ducts of certain glands.

  13. Simple columnar- single layer of elongated cells. Can contain cilia, used for protection and absorption in digestive tract.

  14. Stratified squamous-Layers of squamous cells. Make up epidermis and line cavities exposed to external environment.

  15. Stratified columnar- Several layers of columnar cells overlying cuboidal cells near the basement membrane.

  16. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar- Appear stratified but are not. Often contain cilia and goblet cells which secrete mucus.

  17. Pseudostratified ciliated columnarw/goblet cells- Line Respiratory passages to trap unwanted particles

  18. Transitional tissue- Changes in response to change in tension. Line urinary bladder and urethra.

  19. Glandular Epithelium • Specialized to secrete substances • Those that secrete substances into ducts that open onto a surface are • Those that secrete into tissues or bloodare

  20. Classifying Glands by Structure • Simple- • Compound- duct that does branch before secretory portion.

  21. Classifying Glands by Type of Secretions 3 types: • Small portions of cells • in secretions • No loss of cytoplasm Ex. – mammary glands in secretions • Ex. – pancreas

  22. Classifying by Secretions • Secretions w/entire cells filled w/secretory products; ex. – sebaceous (oil) glands

  23. Connective Tissue

  24. Functions • 1. connects • 2. • 3. protects • 4. • 5. fills spaces

  25. Functions • 6. stores fat • 7. • 8. protects against infection • 9. • 10.helps repair damaged tissue

  26. Characteristics • 1. Consists of cells in a matrix (intercellular material) • 2. Cells some distance apart • 3. • 4.

  27. Types of Fibers: • collagenous – composed of collagen (protein); have great tensile strength; slightly elastic; compose bones, tendons & ligaments

  28. Types of Fibers - continued • elastic – composed of elastin (protein); very elastic but weaker; compose vocal cords & air passages of lungs

  29. Types of Fibers - continued • Reticular – composed of very fine collagenous fibers.

  30. Types of Cells 1. Fixed cells – stay in one place & have stable numbers; 2 types: • fibroblasts – large & star-shaped; most prevalent

  31. Types of Cells - continued • mast cells – may release heparin (for blood clotting) & histamines (promotes allergic reactions & inflammation); usually located near blood vessel walls

  32. Types of Cells - continued 2. Wandering cells – • macrophages – (Purple cells – macrophages, Green cells – T-lymphocytes)

  33. Examples of Connective Tissue

  34. Areolar tissue-binds the skin to underlying organs and under epithelium to provide bloodflow.

  35. Adipose tissue- connective tissue composed of fats, cushion joints and provide insulation

  36. Regular dense connective- strong fibers bind body parts together. Found in ligaments and tendons.

  37. Irregular dense connective- disorganized and strong. Found in the dermis

  38. Hyaline cartilage- Most common, found on ends of bones, nose cavity and supporting rings of resp. system.

  39. Fibrocartilage- tough tissue containing collagenous fibers. Shock absorbers between vertebrae.

  40. Elastic cartilage- flexible cartilage make up ears and larynx

  41. Blood - platelets

  42. Blood – red cells & white cell

  43. Elastic connective

  44. Reticular connective

  45. Bone- A- central canal (contains blood vessels) B- Canaliculi- minute tubes allow for movement between cells.

  46. Bone- D- Lamellae (layers of osetocytes), C- osteocytes

  47. Muscle & Nerve Tissue

  48. Muscle Tissue 3 types: • Skeletal- • Used for movement • Smooth- lacks striations found in skeletal, used for involuntary movements • Ex- move food through digestive tract • Cardiac-

  49. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue

  50. Smooth muscle- B- nucleus

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