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Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation Department of Soil Hygiene

Study on soil and plant contamination by risky substances in Czech Republic, including analysis of potentially risky elements and persistent organic pollutants. Investigates agricultural areas for contaminants. Results suggest localized pollution near industrial towns, rivers, and mining areas.

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Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation Department of Soil Hygiene

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  1. Research Institute for Soil and Water ConservationDepartment of Soil Hygiene State of Load of Agricultural Soils by Risk Substances

  2. Monitoring Project • The project of Ministry of Agriculture of CR (The load of Food chain by risky substances) • Duration - 1993 - 2006 • Extent - 45 districts (cca 50% of total amount) • Commodities - Soil, fodder plants • Risky substances - potentially risky elements, persistent organic pollutants • Character of monitoring - state of load

  3. Material and methods • 2-3 districts per year • 50 samples in 1 district on average (1 sample on 25 km2 • Agricultural soil: arable soil, pastures and meadows • Plants : fodder plants (Medicago sativa, Trifolium hybridum), grass species (Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratense, Festuca pratense, Trifolium repens)

  4. O O Material and methods Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes (PCDD/F) • since 1999 • 20 soil samples per year • the area of Czech Republic (the separation on the base of soil load and soil use) • the collection of 146 soil samples

  5. Material and methods The selection of localities • The use the maps (the load of the air by dust particles, geological maps, pedological maps) • The use of Database REZZO (Czech meteorological Institute) • steady sample net can not be reached

  6. Material and methods Soil samples • humic horizons (5 - 20 cm) • average sample from 10 partial samples • POPs samples - glass yards, freezing by the temperature of - 18˚C

  7. Material and methods Plant samples • overground parts only (shoot) • the storage in paper or plastic bags in fridge (5-7 oC)

  8. Material and methods Potentially risky elements As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn Total content (HNO3, HF, HClO3) Extract of 2M HNO3 (cold method) Extract of 1M MH4NO3, 0,025M EDTA

  9. Analytes Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons naphtalene, anthracene, pyrene, phluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysen, benzo(b)phluoranthene, benzo(k)phluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(c,d)pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene Chlorinated hydrocarbons PCB, HCB, -HCH, -HCH, -HCH Pesticides DDT, DDD, DDE Others styrene, petroleum hydrocarbons PCDF 2,3,7,8 TeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDF, 2,3,4,7,8 PeCDF, 1,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDF, 1,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDF, 2,3,4,6,7,8 HxCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDF, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9 HpCDF, OCDF PCB 189, PCB 170, PCB 180 PCDD 2,3,7,8 TeCDD, 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDD, 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDD, 1,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDD,OCDD PCB PCB 77, PCB 126, PCB 169, PCB 105, PCB 114, PCB 118+123, PCB 156, PCB 157, PCB 167 Material and methods Persistent organic pollutants

  10. Processing of the results • The use of elementary statistic • The comparison with legislative regulations • Ministry of Environ. 13/1994 Sb. (Soil) • Ministry of Agriculture 169/2002 Sb. (Plants) • The comparison with the proposal of 13/1994 modification ( prevention and indication limit)

  11. Processing of the results • Annual report • Database (Excel) • maps of the soil load by As, Cd, Pb, Zn, benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene and sum of PAHs

  12. Results Potentially risky elements • increased load of agricultural soils was not confirmed generally • increased load of agricultural soils was observed in • mountainous areas in the north of republic • the vicinity of industrial towns and past mining areas • fluvial zones of the rivers • imission regions

  13. Results Mountainous areas Mountains: Krusne hory, Jizerske hory, Krkonose, Orlicke hory, Jeseniky, Moravskoslezske Beskydy • As, Cd, Pb • The exceeding of prevention limit (background values) generally, the exceeding of indication limit sporadically

  14. Results The vicinity of industrial towns and past mining areas • character of local load • As, Cd, Pb, Zn • larger loaded areas observed near the towns: • in imission regions (Chomutov, Most, Ostrava, Trinec) • in hilly terrain closed to mountains (Liberec, Jablonec nad Nisou) • with past mining activities (Pribram, Kutna Hora) • the exceeding of prevention limit and indication limit in some cases

  15. Results Fluvial zones Rivers: Labe, Vltava, Berounka, Jizera, Morava, Odra, Dyje • Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ni • exceeding of prevention and indication limits • unstable situation because of risk of floods

  16. Results The areas with presence of geochemical anomalies • metalogenic zones in the areas of acid metamorphic rocks (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) • basic and ultrabasic rocks (Cr, Ni, Co, V, Zn) • products of calcite weathering (Cd) Extremely increased total contents, low extractability (HNO3, NH4NO3, CaCl2), low mobility in the soil, low risk for plant production

  17. Results Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) • increased contents in the soil detected: • in imission regions (northmoravian predominantly)-PAHs, PCDDs/Fs • in the vicinity of rural settlements - PAHs • in mountainous areas - PAHs, PCDDs/Fs • in areas with intensive agriculture in near past - DDT, DDE, DDD • on the fields with long-term sludge application - PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/Fs • in fluvial zones (all types of POPs) The evaluation of the contents - only prevention limit available

  18. Results Load of plants by RE and POPs • the cases of increased values only sporadically • increased values in plants observed in the areas with increased soil loads • there was no correlation between the load of plants and soil

  19. Results Dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes • The set of 146 samples • The definition of average load of agricultural soils of CR, 1ng . kg-1 I-TEQ PCDD/F • The separation of the samples to three groups on the base of the load by I-TEQ PCDD/F (ng . kg-1) • 0.1 - 0.4 - the group of soils from clean areas predominantly • 0.5 - 1.5 - the group of soils with mixed load and the soils from highlands areas • 0.6 - 14 - the group of soil with strong imission load, from fluvial zones and with long-term sludge application

  20. Interface with other projects Actual problems • past mining areas (Pribram, Kutna Hora) • the contamination of fluvial zones by the floods in 1997 and 2002 • the load of soils ba PCDD/F in Lysa nad Labem town (risky waste incinerator) Other projects • the use of the results for the proposal of legislative standards • the use of the results for the implementation of Stockholm convention

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