Andrew Jackson: 1828 – 1836 Era of the Common Man

1. Andrew Jackson: 1828 – 1836 Era of the Common Man

2. Fill in the blanks: ______ people were able to vote in 1830 than 1800 because___________________ _________________________________________.

3. What were the democratic trends in the 19c?

4. Expanded Suffrage • Suffrage- the right to vote • In the early 1800’s, more people gained the right to vote • States reduced voting restrictions • No more poll taxes or property requirements • Helped Jackson win in 1828

5. Jackson's First Presidential Run

6. New Political Parties Emerge • No one got the majority of electoral votes • Election thrown into the House • Adams won • “Corrupt Bargain” split the Demo-Rep party between Jackson and Adams supporters • Democrats • Jackson supporters • National Republicans • Adams supporters

7. Election of 1828 • Jackson vs. Adams…AGAIN! • First modern political campaign • Both sides made vicious, personal attacks • Tried to “win” the vote • Jackson aimed his campaign against the wealthy elite (Adams) • He promised to look out for the “common man” • Jacksonian Democracy: idea of spreading political power to all people and ensuring majority rule

8. 1828 Election Results

9. Jump Start • Define Jacksonian Democracy in your own words. • Use the term in a sentence that summarizes what we learned yesterday.

10. Jackson’s Presidency • Jackson supporters • Planter elite of the South • People on the Frontier • Immigrants in the cities • State Politicians • Spoils System: winning candidates give government jobs to their supporters • Issues during his presidency • States’ Rights • Role of the Bank of the United States • Status of Native Americans

11. Nullification and Tariffs

12. Economies of the North and South • REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! • Economy of the North • Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies, trade and port cities • Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.) • Economy of the South • Large farms/plantations, cash crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms • Slavery

13. REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW! • What is a TARIFF? TAX the government puts on imported goods (from other countries) If you were a FACTORY OWNER or in MANUFACTURING , would you like tariffs? Yes! Your products would not have an additional tax, so what you make would be cheaper than foreign goods. If you were a FARMER, would you like tariffs? No! You depend on foreign nations to buy your crops and in return, you buy their manufactured goods. You are afraid that tariffs will make foreign goods more expensive. If you don’t buy their goods, then they might not buy your crops.

14. Increasing Sectionalism • 1820’s and 30’s- nation was divided into 3 main sections • North, South, West • During the same time Congress was arguing over 3 main issues • One of which was tariffs • Tariffs- government’s main source of income • North liked it b/c it made their goods cheaper • South didn’t b/c they depended on foreign trade • Congress passed a tariff in 1828 to help the growth of manufacturing

15. Nullification • Tariff of Abominations (1828)- tariff that raised the price of imported factory goods by a large amount • Northern factory owners favored the new law • Southerners opposed it for several reasons: • Tariffs raised the price they paid for factory goods • High tariffs kept foreign countries from trading with the U.S. because it was more expensive • Hurt cotton sales for the South • Believed the a law that favored one section was unconstitutional • Calhoun, Vice President at the time, brought up idea of nullification- states can nullify a law if they see it as unconstitutional

16. South Carolina Threatens to Secede • Jackson understood Southerners • Signed a law that lowered the tariff in 1832 but it wasn’t enough to make them happy • South Carolina threatened to secede • Henry Clay created a compromise bill that gradually lowered the tariff until 1842 • Both sides called a truce for the time

17. Jump Start • Ignite Learning • Write the following questions on your paper before watching the video: • What issue from Jackson’s presidency is shown in the video? • How does this issue relate to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolution? • In your opinion, which side (states or federal government) is correct? Why?

18. Jackson's Battles the Bank

19. Issues over the Bank • Jackson was against the bank for many reasons: • Thought the bank favored wealthy Northerners • It did not help capitalists in the West • capitalists- someone investing in a business to make profit • He distrusted the bank president, Nicholas Biddle • Jackson vetoed the bill to re-charter the bank (keep it going) • Voters agreed • He was elected for a second term in 1832 • He considered this economic democracy

20. Jackson's Native-American Policy

21. Jump Start Complete a basic SOAPStone on the following document: Speaker Occasion Audience Purpose Subject Tone

22. Indian Removal • Jackson had little sympathy for Native Americans • Raised on the frontier • By the time he took office, only 125,000 Natives remained east of the Mississippi • Most had fallen prey to war and disease • Majority lived in the southeast • Known as the Five Civilized Tribes • Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole • Hoping to keep their lands, they adopted many European characteristics and ways of life • i.e. European clothing, owned farms, slaves, had own alphabet and newspaper • Despite the Native’s efforts to assimilate (integrate into English culture), whites decided they had to go as cotton spread west

23. Indian Removal • Indian Removal Act of 1830- authorized the president to grant the Indians unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their current land • Some tribes saw no other way out and gave up land • Georgia then passed a law saying that the authority of their state laws now extended over the Cherokee • Chief Justice John Marshall addressed the Indian lands question in two cases • Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) • Worcester vs. Georgia (1832)

24. Indian Removal Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia 1831 Worcester vs. Georgia 1832 Georgia passed a law requiring any white person who lived on Indian territory to obtain a license from the state Worcester, a missionary, was put in jail for failing to do so Does a state have the power to pass laws concerning sovereign Indian nations? The Court ruled that the Cherokee nation was “a distinct community” with “self-government” in which the laws of Georgia had no force • Georgia tried to assert control over Cherokee land • Cherokee appealed to the Supreme Court • The Court ruled that the Cherokees were “a domestic, dependent nation” • They were subject to federal, NOT state law • Georgia law did not affect them

25. Trail of Tears (1838-1839) • Jackson and Georgia ignored the Court’s ruling • Cherokee were forced to give in and sell their land • Any that did not go voluntarily were met with military force • 16,000 were gathered into camps and forced into the Indian Territory • Present day Oklahoma • More than ¼ died from exposure and starvation • Became known as the Trail of Tears(Part 2)