Energy accounts in the Netherlands

1. Energy accounts in the Netherlands Sjoerd Schenau Statistics Netherlands

2. Introduction • What are the energy accounts ? • New approach in the Netherlands • Some results • What can we do with the energy accounts ? • Energy accounts in SEEA • Conclusions

3. What are energy accounts ? • Material flow accounts (MFA): part of the environmental accounts • Hybrid material flow accounts: physical and monetary supply and use tables • Complete overview of all energy flows that occur within a national economy

4. Why make energy accounts ? • Energy essential for all economic activities • Integrated framework  comaprison macro-economic parameters, international comparibility • Produce data for National Accounts • Indicators, analyses • Compilation of air emission accounts

5. 1) Flows from the environment to the economy Economy Extraction imports Environment

6. 2) Flows within the economy economy

7. 3) Flows from the economy to environment Economy Environment Air emissions exports

8. Source data • Energy statistics (energy balances) • National accounts (production statistics, foreign trade statistics) • Price information • Additional data: transport statistics etc.

9. Methodology: overview Energy balances Simplified physical supply and use tables Price information Production accounts Monetary supply and use tables National Accounts Energy accounts (physical and monetary)

10. Step 1: Construction of physical supply and use Tables • Harmonisation of classifications • Harmonization of concepts • Harmonizing imports and exports

11. Step 2: Construction of monetary supply and use Tables Quantity x price = value • Price information needed • Information on taxes and margins Balancing supply and use

12. Step 3: Finalising energy accounts • Balancing the physical supply and use tables • Prepare tables for publication

13. Advantages • Consistent monetary and physical data • Integration into National accounts: better quality of the monetary data Disadvantages • Loss of price information ? • Revision policy National Accounts

14. The Tables • Monetary supply table • Physical sypply table (kg and PJ) • Monetary use table • Physical use tabel (kg and PJ) • Physical final use Table (PJ)

15. Supply Table (2003)

16. Use Table (2003)

17. (Final) Use Table (2003)

18. What can we do with the energy accounts ? • Analyses: Input output, decomposition analyses • Indicators: for example energy intensity • Compilation of Emission accounts

19. Energy prices (euro/GJ)

20. Energy intensity

21. Energy use final demand categories

22. Energy accounts in SEEA (1) • Part of the MFA • One country example (Denmark) No special treatment for energy accounts

23. Possible extension of SEEA • General concepts • Data sources needed for the compilation of the energy accounts • Methodological issues: harmonisation of classifications, energy conversion factors, integration of various data sources, compilation of the monetary supply and use tables, etc. • More country examples: South Africa, Germany, Norway, Finland, Australia, The Netherlands, etc. • Treatment of renewable energy • How to use the energy accounts for the compilation of the air emission accounts • Other uses of the energy accounts

24. Conclusions • Energy accounts provide an consistent statistical framework for energy • Consistent with NA definitions • Provide data for National accounts: quality of data improves • Analyses and indicators

25. Questions • Are energy accounts part of the environmental accounts ? • Should the energy accounts be discussed in the London Group (or in the Oslo group) ? • Should the SEEA handbook be extended with a special section on energy accounts ?