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GOB

GOB. Topic Review. Carbon: why is it so special? Alkanes: formula, naming, properties Variations: cycloalkanes, halogenation Isomers: Constitutional & Geometric Alkenes & Alkynes: naming, properties, addition across double bonds Polymerization and common polymers

wilma-mcmahon
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GOB

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  1. GOB Topic Review

  2. Carbon: why is it so special? • Alkanes: formula, naming, properties • Variations: cycloalkanes, halogenation • Isomers: Constitutional & Geometric • Alkenes & Alkynes: naming, properties, addition across double bonds • Polymerization and common polymers • Aromatics: resonance, naming, reactions, role in biology

  3. Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols: naming, properties, polarity! • Common reactions: hydration, dehydration, dehydrogenation, thiol oxidation • Aldehydes and Ketones: naming, properties, polarity!, oxidation and reduction, nucleophilic attack, • Sugars and hemiacetals / cyclization • Keto-enol tautomerization • Carboxylic Acids: naming, properties, acidity

  4. Fatty acids: structure and properties, soaps • Decarboxylation • Carboxyl derivatives: Esters, anhydrides, and amides • Fisher esterification • Amides and peptide bonds • Polymers: polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates

  5. Amines: naming, properties, basicity, heterocyclic amines in biology • Enantiomers: identification, properties, optical activity, multiple chiral centers • Chiral reactions and biochemical chirality • Carbohydrates: formula, naming, Fisher projections, pyranose vs furanose • Sugars to know: Glucose, Fructose, Glyceraldehyde, Dihydroxyacetone • Sugar cyclization

  6. Glycosidic bonds and polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose • Blood groups • Lipids: Triacylglycerols, Waxes, Membrane Lipids, Cholesterol • Membrane formation and Saponification • Proteins: functions, structure, amino acid structure and chirality • Types of amino acids and amino acid ionization: gel mobility and pI

  7. Peptide bond formation • Levels of structure in proteins: primary, secndary (alpha helices and beta sheets), tertiary, and quaternary • Protein mutation diseases: sickle-cell, alzheimer’s, prions • Protein folding and denaturation • Enzymes: lock and key vs induced fit, enzyme activity, apo-enzymes, enzyme kinetics • Inhibitors of enzymatic activity • Commercial use of enzymes

  8. Nucleotides: structure and properties • DNA: structure and properties, discovery, compaction in the cell • Central Dogma of Molecular Biology • DNA Technologies • Catabolism: process of metabolism • Glycolysis: overview and products • Anaerobic and Aerobic (TCA cycle) • ATP Generation • Fatty Acid oxidation • Protein catabolism and Starvation

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