国际碳管理系统 International Carbon Accounting Systems

1. Yufu Cheng 程裕富 Guangzhou, 10/2010 国际碳管理系统International Carbon Accounting Systems

2. Outline 提纲 • Introduction to iCET 能源与交通创新中心简介。 • Carbon Accounting Protocol 碳计算的协议。 • EU experience 欧盟的经验。 • USA experience 北美的经验。 • Important players in China 中国的重要的碳核算与管理机构。 • ECR’s role in Carbon accounting能效与碳注册系统在碳计算的重要意义。

3. iCET Introduction能源与交通创新中心简介 • The Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation (iCET) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) registered in Beijing, China and Pasadena, California. iCET’s core mission is to mitigate climate change through the promotion of clean, low-carbon and energy-efficient policies and technologies in China. 能源与交通创新中心是一家在中国北京和美国加州注册的非赢利，非政府组织，其宗旨是通过在中国推动清洁，低碳和高能效的政策和技术来减缓气候变化的压力。 • Projects主要项目: • Low Carbon Transportation 低碳交通 • Climate Changes气候变化 • Energy Efficiency 能效 • Sub-national collaboration on Clean Development 地方政府的清洁发展的合作 • Supported by Charity Foundations, United Kingdom and California Government. 主要的支持单位是基金会，英国政府，加州政府

4. China Energy and Carbon Registry中国能源与碳注册系统 • Funded by Rockefeller Brother Fund and Hewlett Foundation • 由美国洛克菲勒兄弟基金会和惠普基金会的资助 • The goal is to set up a reporting system for Energy and Carbon Registry, this system is complied with ISO GHG emission standard. • 为中国开发和建立一套符合ISO标准的碳排放与能效注册系统——“中国能源与碳注册系统(CECR)” • Establish baseline to inform reduction strategy • You can’t manage what you don’t measure! • Prepare for regulation • 建立一个节能和减排的基准：你无法控制你不知道的参数， 同时为将来对温室气体的监控打下基础。

5. Protocol and Standards协议和标准 • Green House Gas Protocol • PAS 2050 • ISO 14064 • Shadow Price of Carbon.

6. Green House Gas Protocol The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is the most widely used international accounting standard for businesses and other organizations. Developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in collaboration with more than 350 leading businesses, it is the basis for nearly every GHG standard and program in the world. 在全球最为广泛使用的温室气体清算标准，是由世界资源研究院和世界可持续工商理事会和350家知名企业共同开发。它是世界上几乎所有温室气体清算的基础。

7. PAS 2050 This ‘publicly available specification’ (known as PAS2050) has been developed in the UK by the British Standards Institute, Defra and the Carbon Trust. Its goal is to provide a consistent framework for assessing the full life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services. PAS2050 was published in Autumn 2008. PAS2050 是由BSI， Defra 和Carbon Trust 共同开发，于2008年秋季公布。主要是为产品的生命周期碳排放的清算提供 一致性的理论和标准基础。

8. ISO 16064 ISO 14064 is the acronym widely used to refer to a group of ISO Standards specifying the quantification, reporting, monitoring validation and verification of greenhouse gas. Part 1 (ISO 14064-1): Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals Part 2 (ISO 14064-2): Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Part 3 (ISO 16064-3): Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions

9. shadow price of carbon Arising from the Stern Review, the shadow price of carbon is a mechanism put forward by the UK Government to embed the environmental cost of carbon into policy and investment decisions. Although only introduced in late 2007, the idea is gaining traction among businesses keen to integrate carbon emissions data into their bottom line accounting。

10. EU Experience 欧盟经验 • UK 英国 • Carbon Disclosure Project 碳披露项目 • Carbon Trust 碳信用 • Other EU countries 其它欧盟国家 • International Carbon Action Partnership

11. CDP-碳披露项目 • The Carbon Disclosure Project is an independent not-for-profit organization Headquartered in UK • 碳披露项目是一个独立的非盈利机构， 总部在英国。 • Investor CDP 为投资者而设立的碳披露项目 • Public Procurement 公共管理 • CDP Water Disclosure 碳披露项目的水披露 • CDP Supply Chain 碳披露项目的供应链

12. CDP-碳披露项目 CDP sends out its annual information request to companies worldwide on 1 February, after which the online response system is open for data input from disclosing companies. Corporations should submit their CDP response by the 31 May deadline. 碳披露项目每年二月一日向全球的公司挤出信息邀请，同时开通网络以便收集信息， 要求公司在5月31日完成信息。 The report data is based on excel 数据的回报是以Excel的形式

13. CDP-碳披露项目

14. Carbon Trust 碳信用 • The Carbon Trust is a not-for-profit company with the mission to accelerate the move to a low carbon economy, based in UK. • Cut carbon now by • Providing specialist advice and finance to • help organizations cut carbon • Setting standards for carbon reduction • Cut future carbon emissions by • Leading industry collaborations to • commercialize technologies • Investing in early stage low carbon • companies • Opening markets for low carbon • technologies

15. Carbon Trust 碳信用 • Providing specialist expertise and finance to help businesses lead the move to a low carbon economy • Setting clear standards for carbon reduction • Catalyzing low carbon innovation

16. Carbon Trust 碳信用 • Providing specialist expertise and finance to help businesses lead the move to a low carbon economy • Setting clear standards for carbon reduction • Catalyzing low carbon innovation

17. ICAP Established in Portugal国际碳行动伙伴关系在葡萄牙成立 17

18. ICAP Mission国际碳行动伙伴关系的使命 To contribute to the establishment of a well functioning global carbon market by: 为建立奏效的国际碳市场作出贡献 Sharing best practices and learning from each others’ experiences. 交流最有效的做法并相互学习。 Building and strengthening partnerships amongst governments 建立并加强政府间的合作 Ensuring that design compatibility issues are recognized at an early stage. 保证在早期发展时就设计一致和共通性问题 18

19. ICAP Membership国际碳行动伙伴关系会员 29 Members:29 个会员 EU members: European Commission, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK and Denmark. 欧盟会员：欧盟，法国，德国，希腊，爱尔兰，意大利，荷兰，葡萄牙，西班牙，英国和丹麦。 WCI members: California, Arizona, Oregon, Washington, New Mexico, Manitoba, and British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec. 西部气候策略成员：加利福尼亚，亚利桑那，俄勒冈，华盛顿，新墨西哥，明尼苏达，大不列颠哥伦比亚，渥太华河魁北克 RGGI members: Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York 区域温室气体策略成员：缅因，马里兰，麻省，新泽西和纽约州 New Zealand, Australia, Norway, and Tokyo 新西兰，澳大利亚，挪威和东京 2 Observers: Japan and Ukraine 两个观察员：日本和乌克兰 19

20. ICAP国际碳行动伙伴关系 MRV Conference in Brussels on May 19 and 20, 2008 hosted by the European Commission 2008年五月19到20日由欧盟委员会主办，在布鲁塞尔召开可测量，可汇报，可认证大会。 ICAP MRV Subcommittee and Experts Group 国际碳行动伙伴关系成立可测量，可汇报，可认证二级委员会和专家委员会 MRV Conference Report and Discussion Paper 国际碳行动伙伴关系会议报告和讨论文章 20

21. China-US Challenge and Opportunity中美两国的挑战和机遇 World’s biggest industrial country：USA and largest developing country, China. Together: 中美作为最大的发展中国家和发达国家，一起共有： 1/4 of the world’s population 1/4 的世界人口 1/3 of the world’s economic output 1/3 的世界经济总产量 1/3 of the world’s energy consumption 1/3 的世界能源总消耗 1/2 of global CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use 1/2 的温室气体的总排放 Source: World Bank, IEA, EIA 21

22. USA Experience 美国经验 • The Climate Registry 气候注册组织 • USEPA Climate Registry 美国国家环保局 • California Air Resource Board 加州大气资源委员会 • R-20 行动

23. The Climate Registry气候注册组织 The Registry is a non-profit organization governed by states, provinces and tribes in North America北美为基础的非营利组织 The Registry is a policy neutral, non-advocacy organization是一个政策中立，不倡议某一方面。 The Registry is a membership organization with over 430 members from business, government, NGOs and academia 目前有回报会员430家。

24. What TCR Does?气候注册组织的功能 Help organizations measure and manage their carbon footprints帮助机构测量和管理他们的碳足迹。 Maintain a GHG emissions registry 维护碳注册系统。 Provide expert technical support, training, tools, and resources at a low cost以低费用提供技术支持，培训，工具和各方面的资源。 Ensure members receive informative and timely policy updates保证会员能及时得到气候变化的信息和政策的更新。 Create a community of members to share best practices为会员们建立一个分享成功经验的社区 Recognize leadership in GHGreporting and reductions找出在温室气体汇报和前排的姣姣者

25. Staying aheadof the curve与时俱进 International policy and reporting国际政策和碳汇报 The Registry… • Is on the international Carbon Disclosure Standards Board • Is partnering with iCET to develop a China registry • Has served as a resource on GHG reporting to India, Brazil, and the Philippines, among others • Both iCET and TCR are accredited NGOs to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 气候注册处与能源与交通创新中心都是联合国气候变化框架的观察员。 Scope 3范围3的汇报 • The Registry is working with the World Resources Institute (WRI) on developing a North American Scope 3 reporting standard

26. A Community of Best Practices 26 26

27. A willing President, a nervous Congress, a poised regulator一个有意愿的总统，紧张的国会和做好准备的国家环保局 Getting the White House in order白宫的政令 • Executive order for federal agencies to report and reduce GHG emissions, assess collecting GHG data from suppliers Congress国会的犹豫 • Comprehensive cap-and-trade bill passed in the House in 2009 • Compromise legislation appears unlikely this year US EPA美国国家环保局 • Mandatory GHG Reporting Rule (takes effect in 2011) • Tailoring Rule: requires certain major stationary sources to obtain a permit for GHG emissions (phased-in beginning Jan 2011)

28. Canadian Case加拿大的经验 • Mandatory GHG reporting program in place since 2004 “Aligning the approach of Canada and the United States to climate change and its multiple challenges is the most effective and realistic way for us to make the progress to which we have firmly committed.” – Environment Minister Jim Prentice, July 2010

29. Regional Programs北美的区域项目 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (and observers) Western Climate Initiative (and observers) Midwest Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord (and observers) (Observers shown with hatch marks)

30. Claims of environmental leadership are under fire绿“洗”的惩罚

31. Trends to watch发展趋势 Reduction targets Reporting thresholds Shareholder climate resolutions Alberta, EC - 50,000MT EPA – 25,000MT Waxman-Markey, WCI, BC 10,000MT Massachusetts 5,000MT Oregon 2,500MT 80% reduction by 2050 17% reduction by 2020 40% increase 95 in 2010 vs 68 in 2009 Based on data from Ceres Potential targets in Kerry-Lieberman-Warner bill, based on 2005 base year 31

32. The value of voluntary reporting: your carbon footprint is linked to many benefits 自愿汇报所带来的好处 Increase operational & energy efficiency 增加运行和能源的效率 Address investor disclosure requirements 投资人的需求 Manage your role in the supply chain 管理好你在供应链中的角色 Prepare for future regulation 为将来的管制做好准备 Demonstrate your leadership 展示您的绿色领导能力 CARBON FOOTPRINT

33. How The Climate Registry can help you气候注册处的作用 • TCR provide tools, resources and technical assistance to measure and report your emissions • Technical help desk技术帮助服务 • Webinars and training网络培训和培训会 • New software tool—CRIS 3.0新的软件-气候注册信息系统 • TCR and its Board members provide major policy updates to keep you informed气候注册办及其董事局成员为会员提供最新的政策建议。 • TCR helps you manage your risk associated with carbon气候注册办能够协助您管理与碳有关的风险。 • TCR recognizes your leadership。气候注册办认可到你的领导力。

34. Flexible membership options to suit business needs灵活的会员种类 Platinum Reduce by 20%, maintain reduction Gold Reduce your emissions by 5%, retain status for 3 years Silver Publish a carbon management plan and reduction goal, demonstrate best practices Climate Registered™ Report your complete North American, third party verified carbon footprint (Scope 1 + Scope 2 emissions are required, Scope 3 and global emissions are optional) Basic Membership Build capability and access Registry resources without having to verify or report 34

35. We are a one stop shop for carbon resources and support提供全面的碳信息和支持 TCR partners include: Do you need a credible and pre-screened carbon expert to help you with your inventory, verification, or sustainability planning? 为企业的碳管理，核算和可持续计划提供有信誉力的计划。 See www.theclimatepages.org The Greenhouse Gas Management Institute (GHGMI) provides online training courses on GHG accounting and verification, including the . the basics of reporting to The Registry. www.theclimateregistry.org/news-and-events/calendar/ or www.ghginstitute.org Registry Members receive a discounted subscription to Markit, a global financial services information company that provides data on the carbon market www.markit.com

36. Steps on the Carbon Measurement and Reporting测量和汇报碳排放的步骤

37. Scopes of GHG emissions温室气体排放的范围

38. Climate Registry Information System气候注册的信息系统

39. Annual reporting timeline年度报告的时间表 June 30: Reporting deadline December 15: Verification deadline Jan Feb Jun Sep Mar Apr May Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec Jan – April: Collect emissions activity data May – June: Enter emissions activity data into CRIS July – Dec: Begin and complete verification activities 39

40. Landscape of Chinese Carbon Market中国碳市场的格局 GHG Protocol Development CDM Projects Building Carbon Accounting and Reporting System Supply Chain Management Carbon Reporting GHG Accounting Training Carbon VER Market Carbon Verification

41. Active players and their roles活跃的机构和他们的角色 Governmental Agencies – implementation bodies NGOs – providing training, tools and policy suggestions Consulting Companies – providing services, tools and expertise Third-Party Verifiers – quality control Methodology and Protocol Developers – capacity building Carbon Emission Exchange – carbon VER trading platform Companies - reporters

42. Building Carbon Accounting – Key Players CNIS:International Standard Adaptation/Application Academics ERI:MRV Mechanism/Emission Factors Universities and Research Institutes: Research and Analysis on the GHG emissions NGOs Corporate (some focus on CDM before) Who are they? Companies for developing standard: BSI WRI:Research on protocols at different sectors Leading Companies for internal preparation iCET: Methodology\Tool\Reporting Consulting companies, including law and accounting firm, such as PWC,ICF,IES CBCSD:Industrial Standards (cement, steel, etc.) ISC/BSR/WWF:Business social responsibility training WBCSD:Cement industry GHG reporting

43. Carbon Verification DOEs : TUV, SGS, CEC, CQC, etc CEC: China Environmental United (Beijing) Certification Center 环保部中环联合认证中心CQC: China Quality Certification Center 中国质量认证中心SGS: Societe Generale de Surveill 瑞士通标技术公司TUV:Technische Überwachungsvereine 德国技术监督委员会 CNAS Accreditation of Verification Bodies Who are they ? Companies: CQM, etc CNAS: China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment 中国合格评定国家认可委员会 CQM:China Quality Mark Certification Group 方圆标志认证集团 They are all waiting for CNCA to signal the “green light”. CNCA:Certification and Accreditation Administration of China 国家认监委

44. ECR’s role in carbon accounting and reporting Protocol and Methodology Development GHG Trainingfor Companies and Governments Reliable, public and standardized information on Energy and GHG Emissions ECR Calculate GHG emissions Verify Calculations ReportGHG Inventories National Targets and International Obligations Carbon Market And Trade Supply Chain Management

45. iCET’s Role in Carbon Accounting and Reporting, Globally and in China. • iCET has strong support from world leaders on climate change such as California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Former Vice President Al Gore and President Bill Clinton’s Clinton Global Initiative. • iCET , in partnership with the leading software developer, Misys, and The Climate Registry, has developed state-of-the-art GHG accounting software, available in Chinese for ECR members to calculate corporate GHG footprints. This open source software is being used in other parts of the world (USA, Canada, Mexico so far) and thus promotes the goal of building a global GHG registry – a long-term mission for us. • iCET has forged partnerships and opened communication with key players on GHG accounting, globally and in China, including WRI, WBCSD, BSR, ISC and agencies within the Chinese and US governments. By working in strong partnerships, we can be more efficient and avoid “reinventing the wheel.” Moreover, iCET can help the USA and China work together to synchronize GHG accounting methodologies, standards, and related policies. • iCET is the only organization in the world that is developing a GHG reporting platform tailored specifically for China.

46. Progress of the ECR (As of July 2010) We published a Background Report on building GHG inventories in China in the Spring of 2010. We launched an ECRwebsite with all information and documents related to ECR available in English and Chinese. We have assembled a working team for the development of the ECR with members from our key partners. We published a 100-page Reporting Protocol including all rules and regulations regarding what emissions will be included in a company’s GHG report and how such emissions will be calculated. We have worked with software company Misys and The Climate Registry to develop a bilingual GHG reporting and calculation software estimated to be worth $800,000 (donated). We have presented the ECR at key high-level conferences and hosted our own in China. We have established a comprehensive membership program.

47. China Environmental Leader Support中国领导的支持

48. Global Environmental Leader Support全球环境领导的支持

49. Thank you!!鸣谢！！ • Current Project Financial Supporters/目前项目资金支持: Contact Yufu Cheng: yfcheng@icet.org.cn