Final Review

1. Final Review Fall 2011

2. Metrics • How many mm are in a meter? • 1000 mm • How many cm are in a meter? • 100 cm • How many Liters are in 123 ml • 0.123 l

3. Graphing Look over the graph….what do you see (trends)? Questions… • What happens to the speed as breaking distance increases? • What kind of graph is this?

4. Layers of the Earth What are the states of matter? Answer these questions • Which layer is the thinnest? • crust • Which layer is liquid? • Outer core • Which layer is a solid Iron core? • Inner Core • Which layer is the densest? • Inner Core

5. Mapping… Look over this map Answer the following questions… • What is the contour interval? • 50 feet • What is the difference between points A and D? • Which an easier route to travel? A to B or A to C! • A to B • The larger space between the lines represents a flatter surface?

6. World Map Study this map Questions • Which lines represent latitude? • 0 – 90 N or S • Which lines represent longitude? • Which lines will intersect • Where is the prime meridian, equator?

7. Topographic maps Study the map What do the following mean? • Concentric circles of contour lines • Mountain peak • Widely spaced contour lines • Gentle slope • V-shaped contour lines • River • Concentric circles of hatched lines • depression • Closely spaced contour lines • Steep slope

8. Minerals Which are characteristics… How do these terms relate to minerals? • Solid • Naturally occurring • Inorganic • Definite chemical composition • Crystalline Structure • Cleavage • Fracture • Hardness • Luster • Color • Streak

9. Minerals Key terms Things to know • Physical properties • Color • Streak • Hardness • Shape • Luster • Chemical properties • Chemical composition • Gems are minerals • Quartz is a common mineral found all over • Gold is mined naturally • Rocks are not minerals • Moh’s scale of hardness

10. Types of Rocks What are the 3 types of Rocks How are they all connected -Rock Cycle • Igneous • Metamorphic • Sedimentary

11. Rock Cycle Study this picture… Questions • What kind of rocks come out of Volcanoes?...what causes the differences? • Igneous • Type of lava • What are the two types of lava? • Mafic and Felsic

12. Igneous Rocks Examples Where do they form • Pumice • Obsidian • Basalt • Granite • Scoria • Rhyolite • Gabbro • Inside the volcano is called what? • Intrusive • Outside of the volcano is called? • Extrusive

13. Sedimentary Rocks Examples Types of Sedimentary Rocks • Sandstone • Shale • Conglomerate • Coal • Coquina • Gypsum • Detrital/Clastic • Organic/Biochemical • Chemical • Fossils Found in Sedimentary Rocks

14. Metamorphic Rocks Examples Types of metamorphic rocks • Marble • Schist • Limestone • Slate • Foliated • Has layers • Non-Foliated • No layers

15. Plate tectonics What can happen at the following? What are these key terms? • What are the different kinds of convergent boundaries? • Oceanic – Continental • Continental – Continental • What is a divergent boundaries, and how do we know that they exist? • Area in the ocean’s crust that spreading is occurring. We can measure magnetic reversals. • Subduction zone • Convection currents • Plates • Continental drift theory • Alfred Wegener • Harry Hess

16. Types of Boundaries How do they move • DIVERGENT • CONVERGENT • TRANSFORM • Move apart (DIVorce) • Move together (CONnect/Couple) • Slide Past Eachother

17. Volcanoes Study this diagram… Questions… • What direction is the plate moving? • East • Which volcano is the youngest, and why? • Hawaii • Where would the most active volcano be in this diagram? • Closest to the hot spot

18. Volcanoes…what is underneath? What does each letter stand for? Match…which letter? • Laccolith • Dike • Lava Flow • Sill • Volcano

19. Volcano types What are the different types? Questions… • Composite • Shield • Cinder volcano • Where are each type most commonly located? • What kind of eruptions are associated with each type? • What kind of debris comes out of each type?

20. What kind of Volcanoes are these famous ones Name / type Match… • Mid – Atlantic Ridge • Mount Pinotubo • The Hawaiian islands • Divergent boundaries • Subductionzones • Hot spot

21. Earthquakes What do the points represent on the picture Questions… • What kind of fault is this? • Normal • What kind of stress caused this kind of fault • Tension • What kind of boundary could you find this at? • Divergent • Which Point is the Epicenter • C

22. Earthquakes / Time Travel graphs Study this graph… Questions • Which wave came first? • How does the information help you find the epicenter? • Problems • At what time did the P wave hit 2000 km away from the epicenter? • How far did the wave travel in 5 minutes?

23. How do we measure Earthquakes? Scales Key terms • Richter scale • Magnitude of the seismic waves • How do we measure Earthquakes.. • Equipment • Seismogram (recorded paper) • Seismometer(instrument) • How many circles do you need? • Seismic waves • Tsunami • Faults • Magnitude • Epicenter • Focus

24. Faults Key terms Stress and Fault lines • Stress • Strain • Elastic Deformation • Plastic Deformation • Rupture/Failure • What kind of stress results in… • Normal faults? • Tension • Reverse faults? • Compression • Strike – slip? • Shearing

25. Faults What type of fault is these?

26. Weathering…what is it? mechanical Chemical • Pot holes • Tree roots • Ice wedging • Doesn’t change the chemical composition • Oxidation of any item (Rust) • Chemical change of composition • Best Conditions are Wet and Cool

27. Glaciers Questions • What are the two types? • How do they form? • Where are they still?