1 / 53

Topic Outline-Photosynthesis

Topic Outline-Photosynthesis. Topic Outline-Photosynthesis (continued). Figure 10-01. Figure 10.1 Photoautotrophs. A reaction with a positive delta G. Is exergonic can occur if an enzyme is present that changes its delta G to a negative value Is spontaneous

wilona
Download Presentation

Topic Outline-Photosynthesis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Topic Outline-Photosynthesis

  2. Topic Outline-Photosynthesis (continued)

  3. Figure 10-01

  4. Figure 10.1 Photoautotrophs

  5. A reaction with a positive delta G • Is exergonic • can occur if an enzyme is present that changes its delta G to a negative value • Is spontaneous • Proceeds from a state of lower free energy to higher free energy • More than one of the above • All of the above

  6. If a reaction is slowed down by an inhibitor and speeds up as more substrate is added; the inhibition is most likely: • Irreversible • Competitive • Noncompetitive • Allosteric • More than one of the above

  7. Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in: • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle • ETS • More than one of the above • All of the above

  8. This is required to make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation: • An ATPase channel protein • A mitochondrial inner membrane impermeable to H+ ions • Reduced coenzymes • Oxygen • More than one of the above • All of the above

  9. It is possible for pyruvate to be converted into this molecule during cellular metabolism • Acetyl CO-A • Lactic acid • Fats • all of the above • More than one of the above

  10. This is allows the ETS to produced ATP by oxidative phosphorylation: • The ETS carriers are asymetrically distributed within the mitochondrial inner membrane • There are two types of ETS carriers; hydrogen only and electron only • Water spontaneously dissociates in the matrix of the mitochondria • More than one of the above • All of the above

  11. LE 10-4 12 H2O 6 CO2 Reactants: 6 O2 6 H2O C6H12O6 Products:

  12. A summary of Photosynthesis

  13. H2O LE 10-5_1 Light LIGHT REACTIONS Chloroplast

  14. H2O LE 10-5_2 Light LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH Chloroplast O2

  15. H2O CO2 LE 10-5_3 Light NADP+ ADP + P i CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH Chloroplast [CH2O] (sugar) O2

  16. Leaf cross section Vein Mesophyll Stomata O2 CO2 LE 10-3 Mesophyll cell Chloroplast 5 µm Outer membrane Thylakoid Intermembrane space Thylakoid space Stroma Granum Innermembrane 1 µm

  17. In photosynthesis, which of the following becomes reduced? • Carbon dioxide • Water • NADP • More than one of the above • All of the above

  18. In photosynthesis, what is the source of the electrons that reduce CO2 into glucose? • Oxygen • NADP • ATP • water

  19. Which of the following is not part of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? • Splitting of water • Reduction (fixation) of C02 • Reduction of NADP • Formation of ATP • Photophosphorylation

  20. Which of the following occurs in the stroma? • Splitting of water • Reduction (fixation) of C02 • Reduction of NADP • Formation of ATP • Photophosphorylation

  21. As a plant grows, it increases in mass. Where does that increased mass come from? • Water • The soil • Carbon dioxide • sunlight

  22. Figure 10.9 Location and structure of chlorophyll molecules in plants

  23. 1 m (109 nm) 10–3 nm 103 nm 106 nm 10–5 nm 103 m 1 nm Gamma rays Micro- waves Radio waves X-rays Infrared UV LE 10-6 Visible light 650 750 nm 500 550 600 700 450 380 Shorter wavelength Longer wavelength Higher energy Lower energy

  24. Light Reflected light Chloroplast LE 10-7 Absorbed light Granum Transmitted light

  25. Refracting prism White light Photoelectric tube Chlorophyll solution Galvanometer LE 10-8a 0 100 The high transmittance (low absorption) reading indicates that chlorophyll absorbs very little green light. Green light Slit moves to pass light of selected wavelength

  26. Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b LE 10-9a Carotenoids Absorption of light by chloroplast pigments 400 700 500 600 Wavelength of light (nm) Absorption spectra

  27. in chlorophyll a CH3 in chlorophyll b CHO Porphyrin ring: light-absorbing “head” of molecule; note magnesium atom at center LE 10-10 Hydrocarbon tail: interacts with hydrophobic regions of proteins inside thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts; H atoms not shown

  28. Figure 10.8 Evidence that chloroplast pigments participate in photosynthesis: absorption and action spectra for photosynthesis in an alga

  29. A summary of Photosynthesis

  30. Excited state e– Heat LE 10-11a Energy of electron Photon (fluorescence) Photon Ground state Chlorophyll molecule Excitation of isolated chlorophyll molecule

  31. Excited state e– LE 10-11 Heat Energy of electron Photon (fluorescence) Photon Ground state Chlorophyll molecule Fluorescence Excitation of isolated chlorophyll molecule

  32. Which of the following is true about a spontaneous reaction? • It’s delta G is positive • The free energy of the products is less than that of the reactants • It requires an input of energy • It never requires an enzyme

  33. Of the 36 ATP/glucose produced by aerobic cellular respiration, 32 of them are produced: • By glycolysis • By the citric acid cycle • During the electron transport system • By substrate-level phosphorylation

  34. Chlorophyll: • Is a pigment • Consists of a porphyrin ring and a long hydrocarbon “tail” • Is associated with the thylakoid membranes • More than one of the above • All of the above

  35. Fluroescence: • Refers to light that is reflected by pigments • Refers to light that is transmitted through a leaf • Requires membranes to occur • Is light that is emitted when an excited electron returns to ground state • 1 and 3

  36. Thylakoid Photosystem STROMA Photon Light-harvesting complexes Reaction center Primary electron acceptor LE 10-12 e– Thylakoid membrane Special chlorophyll a molecules Pigment molecules Transfer of energy THYLAKOID SPACE (INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID)

  37. e– ATP e– e– LE 10-14 NADPH e– e– e– Mill makes ATP Photon e– Photon Photosystem II Photosystem I

  38. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH O2 [CH2O] (sugar) LE 10-13_1 Primary acceptor e– Energy of electrons Light P680 Photosystem II (PS II)

  39. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH O2 [CH2O] (sugar) LE 10-13_2 Primary acceptor e– H2O 2 H+ + O2 1/2 e– e– Energy of electrons Light P680 Photosystem II (PS II)

  40. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH O2 [CH2O] (sugar) LE 10-13_3 Primary acceptor Electron transport chain Pq e– H2O Cytochrome complex 2 H+ + O2 1/2 Pc e– e– Energy of electrons Light P680 ATP Photosystem II (PS II)

  41. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH O2 [CH2O] (sugar) LE 10-13_4 Primary acceptor Primary acceptor Electron transport chain e– Pq e– H2O Cytochrome complex 2 H+ + O2 1/2 Pc e– P700 e– Energy of electrons Light P680 Light ATP Photosystem I (PS I) Photosystem II (PS II)

  42. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH Electron Transport chain LE 10-13_5 O2 [CH2O] (sugar) Primary acceptor Primary acceptor Electron transport chain Fd e– Pq e– e– e– NADP+ H2O Cytochrome complex 2 H+ + 2 H+ NADP+ reductase + NADPH O2 1/2 Pc e– + H+ P700 Energy of electrons e– Light P680 Light ATP Photosystem I (PS I) Photosystem II (PS II)

  43. H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP NADPH O2 [CH2O] (sugar) STROMA (Low H+ concentration) LE 10-17 Cytochrome complex Photosystem I Photosystem II Light NADP+ reductase Light 2 H+ NADP+ + 2H+ Fd NADPH + H+ Pq Pc H2O O2 1/2 THYLAKOID SPACE (High H+ concentration) 2 H+ +2 H+ To Calvin cycle Thylakoid membrane ATP synthase STROMA (Low H+ concentration) ADP + ATP P i H+

  44. Mitochondrion Chloroplast LE 10-16 CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE MITOCHONDRION STRUCTURE Diffusion H+ Thylakoid space Intermembrane space Electron transport chain Membrane ATP synthase Key Stroma Matrix Higher [H+] Lower [H+] ADP + P i ATP H+

  45. Light reactions Calvin cycle H2O CO2 Light NADP+ ADP LE 10-21 + P i RuBP 3-Phosphoglycerate Photosystem II Electron transport chain Photosystem I ATP G3P Starch (storage) NADPH Amino acids Fatty acids Chloroplast O2 Sucrose (export)

  46. H2O CO2 Input Light (Entering one at a time) 3 NADP+ LE 10-18_1 CO2 ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP Phase 1: Carbon fixation NADPH Rubisco O2 [CH2O] (sugar) 3 P P Short-lived intermediate P 6 3 P P 3-Phosphoglycerate Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 6 ATP 6 ADP CALVIN CYCLE

  47. H2O CO2 Input Light (Entering one at a time) 3 NADP+ CO2 ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP Phase 1: Carbon fixation NADPH Rubisco O2 [CH2O] (sugar) 3 P P Short-lived intermediate LE 10-18_2 P 6 3 P P 3-Phosphoglycerate Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 6 ATP 6 ADP CALVIN CYCLE 6 P P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 6 NADPH 6 NADP+ 6 P i P 6 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Phase 2: Reduction 1 P G3P (a sugar) Glucose and other organic compounds Output

  48. H2O CO2 Input Light (Entering one at a time) 3 NADP+ CO2 ADP CALVIN CYCLE LIGHT REACTIONS ATP Phase 1: Carbon fixation NADPH Rubisco O2 [CH2O] (sugar) 3 P P Short-lived intermediate LE 10-18_3 P 6 3 P P 3-Phosphoglycerate Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 6 ATP 6 ADP 3 ADP CALVIN CYCLE 6 P P 3 ATP 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 6 NADPH Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP) 6 NADP+ 6 P i P 5 G3P P 6 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Phase 2: Reduction 1 P G3P (a sugar) Glucose and other organic compounds Output

  49. Citric acid cycle Glycolysis Oxidation phosphorylation ATP ATP ATP Glucose ATP Hexokinase ADP LE 9-9a_1 Glucose-6-phosphate

More Related