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Patterns of Organization

Patterns of Organization. Why know pattern of organization?. They help you: understand the information anticipate the information follow ideas better… so you answer test questions better. 6 organization patterns. Listing Sequence Comparison/contrast Cause/effect Problem/solution

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Patterns of Organization

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  1. Patterns of Organization

  2. Why know pattern of organization? • They help you: • understand the information • anticipate the information • follow ideas better… • so you answer test questions better

  3. 6 organization patterns Listing Sequence Comparison/contrast Cause/effect Problem/solution Extended definition

  4. 1. Listing The main idea is in the form of a generalization and then supporting details give a list of details or examples. Key Words/phrases:many, several, a number of, a variety of, a few, kinds of Signal words/phrases: for example, for instance, , first, second, another, also, besides, in addition, final, last, most important

  5. Listing - sample One theory A second theory Yet another theory The final theory

  6. 2. Sequence In sequence pattern, the author explains the main idea in a series of events or steps in a process that follow one after the other in time order. Key Words/phrases: began, account, story, process, history, sequence Signal words/phrases: first, second, then, next, after, while, since, soon, finally, at last…

  7. Sequence of events- Sample In 1965 Four years later Then in 1971 In the following 11 months Next major step, in 1976

  8. Steps in a process - Sample begins over time Then Next After that At that point Finally

  9. 3. Comparison/Contrast In comparison/contrast pattern, the writer’s main idea is a general statement about two things and how they are similar and/or different. Comparisons can include BOTH similarities and differences or only similarities. A contrast states only differences.

  10. More Comparison/Contrast Key Words/phrases:similarities, differences, both, in common, same, different, compare, comparison Signal words/phrases for similarities: similarly, also, in the same way, as, like, both, in common Signal words/phrases for differences: however, but, on the other hand, although, while, in contrast, than, conversely, yet, unlike

  11. Similarities and Differences - Sample both However, on the other hand

  12. Differences Only - Sample while other major component In contrast,

  13. 4. Cause/Effect The writer’s main idea is that one event or action caused another event or action Key Words/phrases and Signal words are the same:causes, leads to, is the cause of, results in, creates, brings about, makes…

  14. Cause/Effect - Sample result of/ because of led to as a result due to

  15. 5. Problem/Solution In this pattern, the main idea names a problem and states there are one or more solutions possible. The paragraph contains two parts: 1) a statement and 2) a description and explanation of how it was solved. There are no signal words for the details. Key Words/phrases:situation, trouble, crisis, dilemma, or issue. Signal words/phrases: solve, solution, resolved

  16. Problem/Solution - Sample

  17. 6. Extended Definition The writer names a concept or complicated process that the paragraph will define and explain. Usually main idea is in the first sentences and states a dictionary definition and/or explanation Key Words/phrases:consists of, is, seems to be, are

  18. Extended Definition - Sample

  19. Moon Landings (1) p. 142 The landing of men on the Moon The first moon landing was very different from the last one. Very different from Comparison/contrast 1. But while  The first landing was an enormous achievement. 2. Far more  the last landing contributed far more scientific knowledge. 3. Only  the first mission lasted only a few hours. 4. However  on the last mission, the three men spent more time on the Moon. 5. Much further  they could travel much further from the landing site. 6. Wider  they could collect a wider ranger of samples.

  20. Moon Landings (2) p. 142 The impact of the Apollo moon landings The Apollo moon landings had a significant impact on scientific and technological development in the 20th century A significant impact Cause/effect 1. affected by  Computer research was affected by the moon landings 2. pushing  The space program pushed engineers to develop personal computers 3. attribute to  The invention of the internet could be attributed to the Apollo program 4. motivation for  Scientists and engineers were motivated to look for ways to communicate from computer to computer.

  21. Moon Landings (3) p. 143 The lack of water on the moon The lack of water on the Moon limits exploration of the Moon. lack of water, limits Problem/solution PROBLEM: The lack of water is a serious problem for future Moon exploration; for this reason, scientists are looking for evidence of water on the Moon. SOLUTION: Rockets are sent to crash into the Moon so that scientists can analyze the vapor and dust created by the crash to see if there is water.

  22. Modern Astronomy p. 148 • Paragraph 1 = • S • Sentence B • Paragraph 2 = • P/S • Sentence A • Paragraph 3 = • S • Sentence E • Paragraph 4 = • C/C • Sentence C

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