The Power of the Sun

1. The Power of the Sun One of four lectures pertaining to Global Warming Illinois Institute of Technology IPRO 331: Global Warming Research and Community Outreach

2. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Objectives • To give a brief overview of Global Warming • To inform of the possibilities from the sun in Architecture, and the science behind it. • To compare and contrast between solar power and other eco-friendly technologies

3. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Global Warming Definition Relevance Controversy

4. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Definition: The increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface and oceans

5. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Relevance?

6. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Controversy? • Are we the cause? • Is this actually happening? • What are the proven effects?

7. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion “The energy in sunlight striking the earth for 40 minutes is equivalent to global energy consumption for one year” Scientific American Magazine

8. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Solar EnergyvsSolar Power Wikipedia

9. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion So how can we take Advantageof this???

10. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Case Study Sun Valley, Idaho Woodriver Journal

11. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Case StudyIncorporated Systems Include: Photovoltaic Solar Panels Woodriver Journal

12. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Case StudyIncorporated Systems Include: Solar hot-water heating system Woodriver Journal

13. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Case StudyIncorporated Systems Include: Trombe wall system Woodriver Journal

14. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Case StudyIncorporated Systems Include: Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Lighting Summer Winter Woodriver Journal

15. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Case Study Sun Valley, Idaho Woodriver Journal

16. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion The Average Single-Family Home

17. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Where does our energy go? Energy Information Administration

18. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Electricity 10,656 KwH/Year $959/Year Energy Information Administration

19. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Natural Gas 115,000,000 Btu’s/Year $1,492/Year Energy Information Administration

20. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion $2,451/Year 12.2 Metric Tons of Carbon Energy Information Administration

21. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Solar Energy • The Earth receives 174 petawatts of incoming solar radiation, also known as insolation, at any given time • When the radiation meets the atmosphere, 6% is reflected and 16% is absorbed

22. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Solar Energy Availability/Consumption

23. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Solar Energy Availability/Consumption, cont’d • Clouds reduce insolation traveling through the atmosphere by 20% • In one year, the total solar energy available is 3850 zettajoules while the worldwide energy consumption is .471 zettajoules

24. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion Solar Panels • In North America, the total insolation over an entire year including nights and periods of cold weather is 125 and 375 watts per meter square. • A single solar panel in North America, delivers 19-56 watts per meter square a day

25. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion SOLAR ENERGY • How is it captured?

26. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion PHOTOVOLTAICS • Photo = light • Voltaic = electricity

27. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion PHOTOVOLTAICS • 2 layers of semiconductor material made of silicon crystals • On it’s own, silicon not a good conductor • “doping” sets stage for electric current • Doping = intentional addition of impurities

28. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion

29. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion SOLAR ENERGY • How is solar energy stored?

30. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion SOLAR HEAT • Solar energy is stored as heat • Heat is easier to store than electricity • Multiple methods are used to store solar heat

31. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion SOLAR COLLECTORS 3 types of solar collectors Flat-Plate Collectors Focusing Collectors Passive Collectors

32. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS

33. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion FOCUSING COLLECTORS • Use mirrors to focus solar energy on pipes filled with water

34. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion FOCUSING COLLECTORS

35. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion PASSIVE COLLECTORS • Heat is stored using dense interior materials that retain heat well • Examples: masonry, adobe, concrete, stone, water

36. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion PASSIVE COLLECTORS

37. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion STORAGE OF SOLAR HEAT Heat may be stored in one of two ways: • Liquid (such as water) • Packed bed

38. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion LIQUID HEAT STORAGE • Frequently used in residential homes • Tank is filled with hot water and used throughout the day • Easy application, as desired result (hot water) is in the storage facility

39. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion LIQUID HEAT STORAGE

40. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion PACKED BED • Container filled with small objects that hold heat (such as stones) with air space between them

41. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion HEAT STORAGE • Houses with active or passive solar heating systems may also have: • Furnaces • Wood burning stoves • Other heat sources incase of cold or cloudy weather (backup system)

42. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion IS SOLAR POWER COST EFFECTIVE? • Cost effectiveness of solar power depends on location • Proximity to power grid • Amount of daily/yearly sunlight

43. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion COST OF SOLAR POWER

44. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion COST OF SOLAR POWER • Solar module represents 40-50% of total installed cost of solar system • Percentage varies on nature of the application

45. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion COST OF SOLAR POWER • On average, installed PV system will cost $9.00 per peak watt • 7.2 KW PV system will cover an average homes energy needs • On average will cost $64,000 for house to run purely on solar energy

46. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion COST OF SOLAR POWER • Most homes with solar energy are in remote areas, far from power grid • Most homes with solar power are subsidized with other forms of electricity

47. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion COST OF SOLAR POWER • Solar power can’t compete with current utilities as a cost effective solution • Researchers confident prices will come down when production is on large scale • PV will become cost effective in rural and urban locations in the future

48. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion COST OF SOLAR POWER

49. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion OTHER FORMS OF ECO-TECHNOLOGY • GEOTHERMAL HEAT • WIND POWER • HYDROELECTRIC POWER

50. introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion GEOTHERMAL HEAT