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A Comprehensive Guide to Carboxylic Acids: Naming, Preparation, and Reactions

Explore the world of carboxylic acids, from nomenclature to preparation techniques and reactions. Discover the key concepts behind acidity, carboxylation, hydrolysis, and more.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Carboxylic Acids: Naming, Preparation, and Reactions

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  1. Carboxylic AcidsNitriles Natural Products Nomenclature Acidity Preparation Reactions

  2. Analgesics

  3. Fats and Fatty Acids

  4. Prostaglandins

  5. Penicillins from mold

  6. From Ergot Fungus

  7. Common Nomenclature

  8. I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature

  9. Dicarboxylic Acids

  10. A Diacid

  11. Unusually High Melting and Boiling Points

  12. Boiling Points

  13. Acidity is due to Delocalization of the Charge in the Conjugate Base

  14. Alcohol vs. Acid

  15. e- Withdrawing Groups Enhance Acidity

  16. Benzoic acids

  17. Deprotonation

  18. Ester Formation

  19. Carboxylic Acid Preparations • Oxidation of 1o alcohols and aldehydes with Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 • KMnO4 oxidation of alkylbenzenes • Grignard reaction with CO2 (Carboxylation) • Hydrolysis of a carboxylic derivative: e.g. acid chloride, acid anhydride, ester, amide, nitrile

  20. Grignard Reaction with CO2

  21. Mechanism

  22. Hydrolysis of a Nitrile

  23. Reduction of Carboxylic Acids

  24. Naming Nitriles

  25. Dehydration of an Amideuse strong dehydrating agent

  26. Reduction of Nitriles

  27. Grignard Addition to a Nitrile

  28. Partial Mechanism

  29. The Rest of the Mechanism

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