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Energy and Ecology

Energy and Ecology. Ecosystem Components. Producers Basis of an ecosystem’s energy Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use minerals from deep-sea vents to make energy Consumers Heterotrophs: Consumes others for energy

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Energy and Ecology

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  1. Energy and Ecology

  2. Ecosystem Components • Producers • Basis of an ecosystem’s energy • Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars • Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use minerals from deep-sea vents to make energy • Consumers • Heterotrophs: Consumes others for energy • Omnivores, herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, detritivores

  3. Trophic Levels 4.5897 kcal • Defined: Feeding level of an ecosystem • Trophic levels consist of producers, consumers, and decomposers • ~10% of energy is passed to the next level • ~90% used by the organism • Few trophic levels 45.897 kcal 458.97 kcal 4589.7 kcal 45,897 kcal

  4. Food Chains • 5th trophic level = Quaternary consumers • Feed on Tertiary consumers • Omnivores and carnivores • 4th trophic level = Tertiary consumers • Feed on secondary consumers • Omnivores and carnivores • 3rd trophic level = Secondary consumers • Feed on primary consumers • Omnivores and carnivores • 2nd trophic level = Primary consumers • Feed on producers • Herbivores (plant eaters) • 1st trophic level = Producers • Autotrophs (perform photosynthesis) • Bottom of food chain • Ex: Plants, algae, cyanobacteria

  5. Decomposers • Decomposers: Absorb nutrients • Also return nutrients to soil • EX: Fungi, Bacteria • Detritivores: Feed & consume dead matter • Ex: vultures, millipedes

  6. What’s wrong with this picture? The arrows are pointing the wrong direction.

  7. Food Webs • Defined: Group of interrelated food chains • Arrows show direction energy (nutrients) travel

  8. Highlight a food chain from this food web. Then label each trophic level. Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer producer

  9. Highlight a food chain from this food web. Then label each trophic level. Quaternary consumer Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer producer

  10. Kobe Kuiz • How many trophic levels are in the following food chain? Apple tree  Worms  Blue Jay  Owl • If the tree in the example above makes 15,000 calories of energy from photosynthesis, how much energy is available for each other trophic level? • In the food chain above, which is the producer? • In the food chain above, which is the primary consumer? • In the food chain above, which is the tertiary consumer? • Which level consumer are herbivores known as? • What is the lowest consumer level possible for a carnivore? • Examine the food web on slide #10. Find a complete food chain that is 6 trophic levels from start to finish.

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