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HIV/AIDS and Trade

HIV/AIDS and Trade. Presentation by Ngoni Chibukire ngoni@safaids.org.zw SAfAIDS 17 Beveridge Road Avondale Harare Tel: 263-04-336193/4. Overview of Presentation. Global HIV/AIDS situation Regional An overview of Trade & HIV/AIDS: Interlinkages? Micro & Macroeconomic Impacts.

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HIV/AIDS and Trade

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  1. HIV/AIDS and Trade Presentation by Ngoni Chibukire ngoni@safaids.org.zw SAfAIDS 17 Beveridge Road Avondale Harare Tel: 263-04-336193/4

  2. Overview of Presentation • Global HIV/AIDS situation • Regional • An overview of Trade & HIV/AIDS: Interlinkages? • Micro & Macroeconomic Impacts. • HIV/AIDS & Treatment Issues • Conclusion

  3. Global summary of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, December 2005 Number of people living with HIV/AIDS Total 40.3 million (36.7 – 45.3 million)Adults 38.0 million (34.5 – 42.6 million) Women 17.6 million (16.2 – 19.3 millionChn under 15 yrs2.3 million (2.1 – 2.8 million) People newly infected with HIV in 2004 Total 4.9 million (4.3 – 6.6 million)Adults 4.2 million (3.6 – 5.8 million)Chn under 15 years 700,000 (630 000 – 820 000) AIDS deaths in 2004Total 3.1 million (2.8 – 3.6 million)Adults 2.6 million (2.3 – 2.9 million)Children under 15 years 570 000 (510 000 – 670 000)

  4. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV as of end 2005 Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.6 million [990 000 – 2.3 million] Western & Central Europe 720 000 [570 000 – 890 000] North America 1.2 million [650 000 – 1.8 million] East Asia 870,000 [440 000 – 1.4 million] North Africa & Middle East 510 000 [230 000 – 1.4million] Caribbean 300 000 [200 000 – 510 000] South & South-East Asia 7.4 million [4.0 – 9.7 million] Sub-Saharan Africa 25.8 million [23.8 – 28.9 million] Latin America 1.7 million [1.3 – 2.2 million] Oceania 74 000 [45 000 – 120 000] Total: 40.3 (36.7 – 45.3) million

  5. Selected Countries in SA – PR in 2005 Country Rate 2005 Angola 2.5-3.1% Botswana 37% Malawi 20% Mozambique 16% South Africa 21.5% Swaziland 38.8% Zambia 18-20% Zimbabwe 21.3%

  6. Labour force Living with HIV/AIDS Worldwide • Globally (15-64) 26 million • Africa (70%) 18.2 million • Kenya 1.0 million • Mozambique 1.1 million • South Africa 3.7 million • Zimbabwe 1.3 million (Source: ILO, 2004)

  7. Percentage of workforce lost to AIDS by 2005 and 2020 in selected African countries 50 2005 2020 40 30 % 20 10 0 Togo Nigeria Ethiopia Zimbabwe Botswana Cameroon South Africa Côte d’Ivoire Mozambique Guinea-Bissau United Rep. of Tanzania Central African Republic Sources: ILO (2000) POPILO population and labour force projection; UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (1998) World Population Prospects: the 1998 Revision

  8. Micro-level Impact • Loss of skilled workers • Lower productivity due to increased absenteeism (sickness, funerals), staff turnover, disability, and sub-standard productivity of new recruits • Increased costs (health, insurance, benefits, pensions, etc) • Recruitment and training new staff

  9. Macroeconomic Impact • Human capital as a significant factor in trade promotion & development • Reduced economic growth (loss of capital & reduced trade) • Reduced social & economic welfare in worst affected.

  10. HIV/AIDS and Treatment Issues- Regional Overview • Aim is to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and impact mitigation. • Globally about a third lacks access to essential drugs (Health Action International) • In some parts, its over 50% (Africa) • In relation to AIDS at least 80% of PWA cant access drugs. (one in every ten has access to ARVs in Africa- (one in every seven in Asia) • This is due to various constraints

  11. Treatment Map: Regional Overview

  12. What are the limiting factors • Logistical supply bottlenecks (tariffs & non-tariff barriers) • Prohibitive prices Hence the need to advocate for policies that ensure equitable access to essential drugs of acceptable quality. • HIV/AIDS trade related issues -Accessibility, affordability, availability & acceptance -Quality -Rational drug use

  13. Key Questions • How far do trade policies take into consideration health concerns including HIV/AIDS epidemic? • Sustainability of generic production in resource limited settings? • Is a market system efficient in ensuring accessibility of drugs vs government roll out plans?

  14. Conclusion • AIDS is real….BUT we can do something about it • AIDS is far from being a chronic disease like any other, but people can live long and productive lives with HIV given a comprehensive treatment programme.

  15. Conclusion - 2 • Strategies, policies, and guidelines are available at international, regional and national levels. However, it takes commitment and leadership to turn them into meaningful tools.

  16. Concluding Remark “It is the responsibility of every modern Employer (every stakeholder) to take adequate measures to address the troubling reality of the global AIDS epidemic.” (Kofi Annan, 2003)

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