Deliberate Practice and Performance: A Meta- analysis

1. Deliberate Practice and Performance: A Meta-analysis Brooke N. MacnamaraDavid Z. Hambrick Frederick L. Oswald Brooke N. Macnamara MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY Results Introduction 1 3 4 Additional Analyses Deliberate practice (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Römer, 1993) • claim: • provides a sufficient account of variance in performance • denies: • role of innate abilities as important predictors • “10,000-hour rule” inspiration • - 10,000 hours deliberate practice = expert 19% 81% extremely popular theory - pop psychology books - op eds - magazines - blogs - social media Is it defensible? amount of performance variance explained by deliberate practice amount of performance variance unexplained by deliberate practice By Domain Conclusion • Characteristics 2 5 Professions Education Music Sports Games Deliberate practice 03% < 01% 18% 24% 27% • • explains a substantial amount of performance variance • - however - • • leaves a larger amount unexplained • • varies by domain • • varies by predictability of task environment • • small effects: systematically suppressed from publication • • does not provide a substantial account • of performance variance > 99% 76% 73% 82% 97% amount of performance variance explained by deliberate practice amount of performance variance unexplained by deliberate practice 10% 16% 23% 90% 84% 77% Have unpublished deliberate practice data you’re willing to share to be included in this meta-analysis? See next page. Extremely popular theory is not defensible. Task Environment Less Predictable Highly Predictable

2. Deliberate Practice Meta-analysis • Have unpublished deliberate practice data you would be willing to share? • If so, please let us know: • Names • your and your collaborator(s) full names so we can cite you and your data • General • Who were the participants? • How many participants (per group if multiple groups were used) • What was the skill of interest? • What was the timeframe of accumulated practice? • Methods • How did you estimate accumulated deliberate practice? (e.g., questionnaire) • How did you estimate skill? (e.g., expert rated, compared professionals to amateurs) • Results or raw data • Results: what kind of statistics did you use? (e.g., ANOVA, correlation) • Results: what were the results of the analysis? (e.g., F = ___, Cohen’s d = ___, r = __) • Raw data: please let us know if each row = a subject • Raw data: please make sure columns are labeled clearly