Introduction to Cell Biology Part 1: Cell Theory, Compartmentalization, Cell Type Cell Geography, Cell Size

1. Introduction to Cell Biology Part 1: • Cell Theory, • Compartmentalization, • Cell Type • Cell Geography, • Cell Size

2. The history of cell study Robert Hooke, an early microscopist, in 1665, coined the word “cell” after looking at cork through an early “compound microscope”.

4. The history of cell study In 1675 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, an amateur Dutch scientist, discovered microscopic “animalcules” in water. Looking at tooth plaque, he first to discover bacteria; 1000x smaller.

5. The history of cell study Robert Brown, an English botanist, in 1831, was the first to call the dark, “nut-like” body in the center of most of the cells he observed a "nucleus”.(Find them…)

6. The history of cell study Theodor Schwan, a German botanist, in 1838, after viewing animal and plant cells surmised that “all organisms consist of one or more cells” and that “cells are the basic unit of structure for all organisms”.

7. The history of cell study At about the same time, Mattias Schleiden concluded from his observations that “cells must be the fundamental unit of life”.

8. The history of cell study Rudolf Virchow, a German physiologist, in 1858, added the observation that “all cells arise only from preexisting cells.” Which supported the new theory of “biogenesis”, being advanced by Pasteur, that “life comes from life.”

9. The history of cell study Cell Theory, 1860’s • 1- Allliving things (organisms) are composed of one or more cells. • 2- Cells are the basic unit of organization (structure and function) of organisms. • 3- All cells come from preexisting cells.

10. An Essential Requirement for Life: Why is Life Organized into Cells?

11. Why is Life Organized into Cells? The ultimate goal of life is to … To do this, it is necessary to… And to… Which requires the ability to… Requiring… Requiring… Requiring… Creating… produce copies of itself… because life is mortal have and pass on information to the next generation to grow synthesize the correct complex molecules chemical raw materials, the ability acquire matter, energy that must be harvested energy from its environment, wastes that must be gotten rid of.

12. The Solution! …closed sac… A cell.

13. Cell Types Attributes of Cells • All cells can be separated into two classifications based on their attributes: • Prokaryotic – • Eukaryotic -

14. Cell Types Attributes of Cells Pro~kary~ote or Before~Kernal or Nut Small cells without internal membrane bound compartments or structures. Their DNA forms a loop rather than linear segments. Eubacteria(new), archaebacteria (old) are single celled prokaryotes.

15. Cell Types Attributes of Cells Eu~kary~ote or Good~Kernal or Nut Cells having internal membrane bound compartments and structures (example~ nucleus containing linear chromosomes ). The Animals, plants, fungi and protists are multi and single celled Eukaryotes.

16. Cell Geography: Eukaryote Cell “Compartment” Cell “nucleus” Cell “cytoplasm” Cell “cytoskeleton” Cell “membrane”

17. Cell Geography: Prokaryote Cell “Compartment” nucleiod region (DNA) Cell “cytoplasm” Cell “membrane” Cell “wall” Capsule Flagellum

18. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Lacking compartments vs. Having many compartments

19. Cell size Attributes of Cells Most living cells range in size from bacteria @ 1 µm to a hens egg @ 50,000 µm. (µm ~ micrometer, 10-6 M) Kind of Cell Approximate Size Bacteria (E. coli) 1 um Red Blood Cell 8 um Elodea epidermal cell 65 um Amoeba 700 um Hen's egg 50,000 um

20. Cell size

21. Cell size

22. Cell size 50 micrometers written as µm

23. Cell size 5 micrometers (µm) A false-color SEM photo of a Paramecium

24. Cell size 5 micrometers (µm) A false-color SEM photo of mitochondria

25. Basal Bodies of Cilia Cell size 0.5 micrometers (µm)

26. Cell size Ribosome – A cellular Protein Factory 0.05 micrometers (µm)