EVs the Energy Infrastructure and the needed User Infrastructure

1. EVs the Energy Infrastructureand the needed User Infrastructure David Farr Project Manager

2. SSE • Our purpose: to provide people with the energy • they need – in a reliable and sustainable way. • 31st largest company in the FTSE 100* • £10.5bn market capitalisation* • 20,177 employees • UK’s broadest-based energy company • - Electricity generation, transmission, distribution, supply • and services • - Gas production, storage, distribution, supply and services • - Telecoms networks and data storage * As at 27 August 2010

3. Electric vehicles – the past Lead Acid or power from overhead lines

4. Electric cars – present day Lead Acid Batteries Gee Whiz and Mega city

5. The MINI E UK Field Trial

6. EVs and Generation Capacity 6

7. Carbon Intensity of Generation http://www.earth.org.uk/_gridCarbonIntensityGB.html

8. kW EVs and Distribution networks 1.5kW 1.5kW Night time load 500kW 1.5kW 1.5kW 1.5kW 1.5kW 8

9. Energy Density of Batteries vs Petrol 5000kW in three minutes 6000kW in 15seconds

10. Energy Density of Batteries vs Petrol Research

11. Three phase 32 Amp Industrial 32 Amp single phase 13 Amp Plug Power requirement vs recharge time - 1

12. Current “Rapid Charge” Zone Power requirement vs recharge time - 2

13. Activities while recharging Increasing cost of chargers

14. Initial Results

15. Overnight Demand Control - smart metering 15

16. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Home • Single phase only – 13 or 32 Amp • Smart Meter potential for flexible rate and demand control • Work/Depot/Factory • Office Car parks and transport hubs • 3 phase supplies for larger vehicles – busses, lorries • “Smart” to enable energy billing • Public • Public points starting to be rolled out • Access arrangements • Standardisation • Payment methods • Ownership models

17. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Public • Public points starting to be rolled out How many posts are needed? Who pays the initial costs? Where best to locate them Normal charging @ 3kw (13amp), or fast charging @ 7kw (32amp)? Public safety and insurance.

18. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Public • Public points starting to be rolled out • Access arrangements Free parking to encourage electric vehicles? Free electricity? – Long term how does government replace fuel duties? Dedicated spaces – may annoy users of petrol cars Any other incentives – such as no Congestion Charge in London

19. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Public • Public points starting to be rolled out • Access arrangements • Standardisation Plug and socket arrangements for fast charging Mennekes mode 3

20. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Public • Public points starting to be rolled out • Access arrangements • Standardisation • Payment methods Free electricity included in parking fee or charge each time? Local or National Schemes Prepayment card, Credit card

21. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Public • Public points starting to be rolled out • Access arrangements • Standardisation • Payment methods • Ownership models - Interoperability National government or Local government Utility companies, Transport Hubs Parking companies, Supermarkets Independent franchises

22. Key Infrastructure Requirements • Charging points have the same public demands as public loos: • You would rather not use them, but its good to know they are there. • They need to be in the places that people need them • There has to be just enough - too many is a waste of resources, but not enough is a problem. • If they are closed or not working they are even worse than useless. • Someone has to take ownership and accept the costs even if they are not used – some will be free others will not. • We will accept reasonable costs for their use assuming you have the correct method to access them…….

23. EVs the Energy Infrastructureand the needed User Infrastructure David Farr Project Manager