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Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities

Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities. Lung volumes and capacities: it is of importance to understanding the various lung volumes and capacities. These can provide and index of pul. function but are differ among individual according to age, sex body type conditioning.

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Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities

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  1. Pulmonary Volumesand Capacities

  2. Lung volumes and capacities:it is of importance to understanding the various lung volumes and capacities.These can provide and index of pul. function but are differ among individual according to age, sex body type conditioning.

  3. consequently these volumes are not necessarily of diagnostic value but can help differentiating between lung disorders such as obstructive and restrictive lung dis.all these volumes and capacities are expressed at body temp. ambient pressure and saturated with water vapor ((BTPS)).

  4. Pulmonary Volumes The tidal volume (TV): is the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath; it amounts to about 500 milliliters in the adult male.

  5. The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): is the extra volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal tidal volume when the person inspires with full force; it is usually equal to about 3000 milliliters.

  6. The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) : is the maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration; this normally amounts to about 1100 milliliters

  7. The residual volume (RV) : is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration; this volume averages about 1200 milliliters.

  8. Timed Vital capacity: the fraction of the vital capacity expired during the first second of a forced expiration. FEV1 or FEV3.It's measured to be about 83% in the 1st second and 97% of VC in the 3rd second. FEV1 gives additional information; maybe reduced in dis. as asthma in which airway resistance increase because of bronchial constriction while VC maybe normal

  9. Maximal voluntary ventilation ((MVV)): is the largest volume of gas that can be moved into and out of the lung in 1minute by voluntary effort. normal MVV is 125-170L/minute. Respiratory minute volume: the amount of air inspired per minute. normally about 6 L/minute. ((500ml/breath x12 breaths per min)). Minute ventilation= TV x RES.RATE

  10. Pulmonary Capacities Combinations of two or more of the volumes together are called pulmonary capacities

  11. The inspiratory capacity (IC): equals the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume. This is the amount of air (about 3500 milliliters) a person can breathe in, beginning at the normal expiratory level and distending the lungs to the maximum amount.

  12. The functional residual capacity (FRC): This is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300 milliliters); equals the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. The spirometer cannot be used to measure the functional residual capacity, because the air in the residual volume of the lungs cannot be expired into the spirometer ,but usually measured by means of a helium dilution method

  13. The vital capacity (VC): equals the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume. This is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to their maximum extent and then expiring to the maximum extent (about 4600 milliliters).

  14. The total lung capacity (TLC): is the maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort (about 5800 milliliters); it is equal to the vital capacity plus the residual volume

  15. Total lung capacity: TLC=IRV+ERV+TV+RV In male((6))female((4.2))L Functional Residual capacity: FRC=RV+ERV In male((2.2))female((1.8))L Inspiratory capacity: IC=TV+IRV In male((3.8))female((2.4))L Vital capacity: VC =IRV+ERV+TV In male((4.6))female((3.1))

  16. NOTE: All pulmonary volumes and capacities are about 20 - 25 % less in women than in men, and they are greater in large and athletic people than in small and asthenic people.

  17. A simple method for studying pulmonary ventilation is to record the volume movement of air into and out of the lungs, a process called spirometry. Spirometry is only one of many measurement procedures that the pulmonary physician uses daily.

  18. Abbreviations: VC = IRV + VT + ERV VC = IC + ERV TLC = VC + RV TLC = IC + FRC FRC = ERV + RV

  19. Once the FRC has been determined by means of a helium dilution method, the (RV) can be determined by subtracting (ERV), as measured by normal spirometry, from the FRC. RV = FRC – ERV The total lung capacity (TLC) can be determined by adding the (IC) to the FRC. TLC = FRC + IC

  20. By spirometry measurement all lung volumes. TLC and RV can be measured by body plathysmograph

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