Conflict over Slavery Before 1850 Chapter 10 Section 1

1. Conflict over Slavery Before 1850Chapter 10 Section 1

2. Objectives • Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South. • Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848. • Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.

3. Manufacturing society Cities and towns were trade centers Factories and farms produced goods Paid labor source, few slaves Many immigrants The North

4. Few people had slaves, and slavery ended by 1860. Early in the 1800s, some northerners began to work for the abolition of slavery. Many northern states limited the rights of free African Americans

5. Agricultural society Large plantations and small farms were source of wealth Cities and towns were few and far between Enslaved labor force of African Americans Few immigrants The South

7. The South wanted new territories to beslave states. Since the passage of the Missouri Compromise in 1820, Congress had tried to maintain a balance of free states and slave states. The North wanted new territories to be free states. In 1846, the Wilmot Proviso, proposed that all lands acquired from Mexico would be free territories. It was defeated, but it brought the issue of slavery to the forefront of public debate.

8. Democrats and the Whigs split over the issue of slavery,and a third party was formed, the Free-Soil Party. Former President Martin Van Buren ran on the Free-Soil Party against Whig Zachary Taylor and Democrat Lewis Cass. Taylor was elected. Election of 1848

9. Free-Soil Party

10. The issue was debated in the Senate by three political leaders: Slavery in the Senate John Calhoun from the South Daniel Webster from the North Henry Clay from the West

11. The Compromise of 1850 The final Compromise: • admitted California as a free state • prohibited the slave trade in Washington, D.C. • created popular sovereignty, allowing new states to vote on whether they would be open to slavery • paid $10 million to Texas to give up its claim to New Mexico • created the Fugitive Slave Act. Many Northerners were outraged by the Fugitive Slave Act, which required citizens of free states to turn in escaped slaves.

12. Views on the Compromise

13. Congress passed the Compromise of 1850, and President Millard Fillmore signed it into law. • The compromise was supposed to bring calm to the nation, but many people were dissatisfied. • Northerners were particularly upset by the Fugitive Slave Act. • Larger crises loomed in the decade ahead.