Chapter 10 Section 1

1. Chapter 10 Section 1 Temperature

2. What is Temperature? • A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object • The faster the particles move, the more kinetic energy • The more kinetic energy, the higher the temperature

3. Tool: thermometer works by thermal expansion Thermal expansion- the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature Substance gets hotter particles move faster particles spread out therefore substance expands Measuring temperature

4. Temperature Scales • Official SI scale- Kelvin scale • Lowest temperature is absolute zero • Never been achieved • Absolute zero is the point when all particle movement stops • Unit is kelvin • Fahrenheit • Not widely used in science • Units °F • Celsius • Divided in 100 equal parts • Units~°C

5. Temperature conversion

6. What is Heat? Chapter 10 Section 2

7. Heat ~ the transfer of energy between objects that are a different temperature Energy is transferred from the object with the higher temperature to the object with the lower temperature Thermal energy ~ the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance depends on amount and temperature of the substance Thermal equilibrium~ when both objects reach the same temperature Heat is a Transfer of Energy

8. Conduction, Convection, Radiation • Conduction ~ the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another through direct contact • Conductors transfer thermal energy well • Many metals • Insulators do not transfer thermal energy well • wood

9. Conduction, Convection, Radiation • Convection ~ transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or gas • Convection current~ circular motion of liquids and gases due to density differences

10. Conduction, Convection, Radiation • Radiation ~ the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves • Visible light, infrared waves

11. The Differences Between Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat