Photonic Integration: A Key Enabler for Reconfigurable Digital Optical Networks

1. Photonic Integration: A Key Enabler for Reconfigurable Digital Optical Networks Serge Melle VP, Technical Marketing Infinera smelle@infinera.com

2. ROADM Benefits • Any wavelength at any node • Simplify engineering and deployment compared to fixed OADM • Remote provisioning and reconfiguration • Eliminate truck rolls to intermediate sites • Reduce cost through OEO elimination – end-end wavelength networking • The underlying premise: less electronics + more optics = lower cost • But…

3. Wavelength Blocking in ROADM Networks • Allocate bandwidth on ROADM ring using available l’s • Extending ROADM consumes l’s end-end across network… • Blocking consumes extra l’s or requires OEO for l conversion… • ..or creates stranded bandwidth and faster capacity exhaust • This does not scale with…. • Protection; Hundreds of demands; Larger networks; Nodal connectivity 32-40 l WDM

4. 4 x 2.5G 2.5G 2.5G Sub-Wavelength Traffic in ROADM Networks • Typically many sub-l end-end demands: GbE or OC-48/STM-16 • Use “Muxponders” to aggregate 8-10 x 1G or 4 x 2.5G per wavelength • Creates many point-point connections and complex planning • New demands either strand bandwidth, or consume extra wavelengths • Different muxponders for 1G and 2.5G compound complexity • Option 1: • New end-end l and muxponders • Inefficient wavelength fill • Stranded capacity & faster capacity exhaust New A-Z demand • Option 2: • Use existing l’s and muxponders • Added cost from extra interfaces • Manual inter-connects at back-back sites require truck rolls and extra OpEx 8 x 1G 1G 1G

5. Lets Step Back: Benefits of Electronics in Optical Networks • Reconfigurable Switching • Wide choice of switching/grooming granularity (VC-4, ODU-1, packet) • Fundamental to managing and grooming customer services • Highest level of reconfigurability • Cost per chip: 10’s to 100’s of € • Dispersion Compensation • FFE and DFE can compensate upwards of 1000ps/nm • MLSE can correct upwards of 3000ps/nm dispersion • Significant space savings vs. DCF • Cost per device: 10’s of € • Reach Improvement • G.709 standard defines 6dB gain FEC (Reed-Solomon) • High-gain FEC provides optical gain of 8dB to 9dB • Corrects BER of 10-3 to BER of 10-17 • Cost per chip: 10’s to 100’s of € • PM and Operations • OTH and SONET/SDH Overhead • Extensive digital PM at all OEO nodes • J0/B1, BIP-8 • FEC bit error rate monitoring • Communication channels for OAM&P • SONET/SDH DCC and OTH TCM

6. High cost of OEO conversion compared to the cost for manipulating the data Implementing feature-rich network & service functionality incurs a cost premium Silicon cost is not the problem… …it is the conversion cost from Optical to Electronic Relative Costs of OEO – The “O” vs. the “E” Accessing the Data Manipulating the Data Relative Costs per 10G

7. 100 Gb/s Transmit 100 Gb/s Receive Why are OEO’s Expensive? Discrete Optics

8. 100 Gb/s Transmit 100 Gb/s Receive Infinera’s Photonic Integrated Circuit Innovation 100Gb/s Transmit 100Gb/s Receive 5mm • DIRECT BENEFITS: • Reduce size, power, cost and improve reliability • STRATEGIC BENEFITS: • Low-cost OEO conversion re-enables digital networking • Result: Lower CapEx, lower OpEx, more flexible reconfigurable optical network

9. Photonic Integration Enables a “Digital” ROADM • Use (analog) photonics for what it does best: transmission • Use (digital) electronics for everything else – more functionality / lower cost • Consistent with other network elements: SONET/SDH, switches, routers … Integrated Photonics Digital Electronics & Software Integrated Photonics Signal regeneration Error correction Performance monitoring Sub-l add/drop Sub-lGrooming & switching Multi-Service Multiplexing Protection electrical (digital) optical (analog) optical (analog)

10. Infinera DTN: First PIC-based Digital ROADM • 100G per line card • Digital ROADM WDM system • Distributed electronic OTU1 switch fabric • SONET/SDH, Wave and Ethernet-based add/drop • End-end GMPLS control plane • Broadly deployed since 2004

11. Reconfigurable “Digital” Add/Drop • Switched WDM with sub-l grooming at all nodes • Removes wavelength blocking constraints – any point to any point • Maximizes WDM capacity on every link - no stranded bandwidth • “Switched WDM” eliminates back-to-back transponder connections • “Mix and match” of 1G, 2.5G, 10G and 40G services on any wavelength • Scales with network capacity, number of nodes, network size/distance N x 100G WDM N x 100G WDM N x 100G WDM N x 100G WDM

12. Full Digital OAM&P at each Digital Node Optical link and impairments management isolated between nodes Optical service layer independent of optical transmission layer Eliminates all constraints on end-end service path Enhance access to PM and OAM&P data at all nodes Simplify network planning, system engineering and service turn-up Digital ROADM Service Provisioning & Engineering “4R” OEO-based management Digital Node Digital Node Digital Link Optical link management isolated between nodes A – Z Service Demand Digital Node Digital Node Digital Node

13. GMPLS-Enabled Networking at Every Node UNI signaling for IP-optical inter-networking GMPLS restoration capability in the transport layer with sub-l circuit granularity UNI Fiber Cut GMPLS auto- discovery of circuit & physical topology of network & services GMPLS-enabled end-end auto- provisioning between all nodes

14. Architecture Impacts of Digital ROADMs • Unconstrained reconfigurability at every node • Sub-l granularity for grooming, switching and add/drop • Consolidate DWDM transport & switching in core • Topology/distance-independent service activation • Support linear, ring and mesh topologies • Integrated sub-l protection & restoration • End-end GMPLS control plane enables service automation • Extensive digital PMs and diagnostics • Robust digital protection

15. 100 Gb/s Transmit 100 Gb/s Receive Integration: Heart of a New Strategy OTH & Packet-Centrism O-E-O: Manage Digital Bits PMs, Protect, Switch, Reconfigure Space, Power, Cost, Reliability, Scale Device Elimination Ethernet- GigE, 10G, 100G; GMPLS

16. Thank You