Argumentative Writing

1. Argumentative Writing By: Mr. Garbera

2. Assignment Select a controversial topic and choose a side of the topic to defend. Be sure to: define the issue, take a clear position, make a convincing argument supported by evidence, and acknowledge opposing views.

3. Paper Outline Title Introduction Hook Context, why the issue is important to write about/ Thesis Thesis/ Context, why the issue is important to write about 3 Arguments Topic sentences Support Anti- thesis Conclusion

4. According to Socrates, 3 ways to persuade Ethos Logos Pathos

5. Ethos = Expertise • Appeal to expertise • Common features: • A speaker who is an expert (expert testimony) • Famous people

6. Ethos We should drink milk because she drinks milk.

7. Logos = Logic Appeals to the audiences logic

8. Logos Common Features… Data (Facts and Statistics) Findings that come from research References to universities Scientific terms

9. Logos Appeal based on logic

10. Logos We should get the flu shot because this information seems logical.

11. Pathos = Emotion • Appeals to the audiences emotion • Common features include: • Attempts to make you feel a certain emotion such as anger, happiness, sympathy, excitement, motivation, envy, desire, etc. • Emotionally charged or exaggerated words (Hate instead of dislike) • Exclamation points • Pictures of people experiencing strong emotions

12. Pathos The add is actually talking about eating meat, but if you have a child, especially a boy, this may anger you or feel sympathy for this child.

13. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos "Private demand for the product has tapered off for the past three years, and this year’s sales figures are at an all-time low. It’s time to research other options."

14. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos “Where would we be without this tradition? Ever since our forefathers landed at Plymouth Rock, we’ve celebrated Thanksgiving without fail, making more than cherished recipes. We’ve made memories.”

15. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results."

16. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos “If we don’t move soon, we are all going to die! Cant you se how dangerous it is to stay?”

17. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: we have not only the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive, and an expressed desire to commit the robbery……… we also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case could not be more open and shut.

18. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos “Don’t be the last person on the block to have the lawn treated. You don’t want to be the laughing stock of the community.”

19. Audience • Your audience for this research paper should be the general public. • Should be formal • Assumed adults • Questions to ask about your audience. • Who is it? • What do they already know? • How interested are they? • What is their attitude towards the subject?

20. Credibility How can you convince your audience that you are knowledgeable about the subject? Do you need to do research? How can you convince the audience that you have their best interest in mind?

21. Begin writing Process Think about the assignment.

22. Determine Your Purpose Persuade/ Change someone's mind

23. Select a Topic Something meaningful to you and interesting to write about.

24. Select a side Select a specific topic Use a t-chart to find which argument is stronger for YOU. Brainstorming webs also work

25. Research 3 supporting articles 1 opposing article

26. Write a thesis • 3-parts • Use because statement- It is this because point 1, point 2, point 3. • Needs to be specific • Ask who, what, and why questions to narrow a broad topic • Childhood obesity…..too broad • How has the American food industry contributed to childhood obesity……….narrow • Manageable • Researchable topic. Baseball is fun……not researchable. Baseball is a gaining a larger audience……..researchable. • Interesting • Something new and interesting

27. Create your Works Cited • Organize your sources in MLA format • Easybib.com • Library Resources

28. Incorporating Research • Avoid Plagiarism by: • Summarizing • Paraphrasing • Use transitions to let the reader know a quote or source citation is coming. • Refer to embedding quotations handout

29. Making an outline • Organize your ideas I. A. A. B. b. b. C. II.

30. Outline cont. • Include: • Transition in between ideas • Where you will insert quotations for support

31. Create a draft Just write!!! Insert a title at this point.

32. Compose Paragraphs Topic sentences (explicit/implicit) Supporting sentences Transitions

33. Different Types of Paragraphs • Description • Narration/Process • chronological • Compare and Contrast • Describe one then another/ or move back and forth with consistency

34. Different Types of Paragraphs Cont. • Definition • Begin with term and then multiple definitions (if needed) • Examples and Illustration • Begin with main point then move to illustration • Cause and Effect • Cause then effect • Classification and Division

35. Consider paragraph length • Paragraph breaks can signal various kinds of shifts: • A new concept • The next step in an argument • The end of the introduction • The beginning of the conclusion • A new speaker in dialogue • A shift in time or place • A logical pause that gives the reader a breather

36. Style • Vary your verbs • Stay in active voice • Active: Leonardo Da Vinci painted Mona Lisa between 1503 and 1506. • Passive: Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci between 1503 and 1506. • Vary your sentence types • Eliminate unnecessary words • In my opinion, I think

37. Style cont. • Put your main ideas in main clauses • Put key ideas at beginning and end of sentences • Forge links across sentences: front to front or back to front • Matt Damon was born in 1970 and grew up in Boston. His first movie role was a one line part in Mystic Pizza. • Hollywood film brokers recognized in Chasing Amy the potential of pairing Damon with his childhood friend Ben Affleck. Affleck and Damon next wrote the screenplay for Good Will Hunting.

38. Style Cont. Be Formal No personal pronouns No slang No contractions

39. Writing that Flows • Reiterate key terms • Transitions • Beginning and ending of paragraphs. Also in between thoughts. • Beginning and ending paragraphs • Act as guides

40. Introduction/Hook A question A hard hitting fact A quotation Images An anecdote A problem A contradiction/paradox An odd or ridiculous fact

41. Context/History Define the subject in your introduction. Write a paragraph that gives your argument context. This is the time to give the reader the information that they are going to need to understand to your argument and why you are writing on the topic. Information usually comes right before stated thesis.

42. Body 3 major arguments Last paragraph should be and anti-thesis

43. Anti-Thesis Used in the best debates and arguments. Eminem rap battlehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-6HiaM22uI A paragraph dedicated to the validity of the other side of the argument Ultimately proves why the opposing argument is valid, but your argument is better.

44. Conclusion Need to connect it to your thesis by restating your thesis.

45. Conclusion Issue a call to action Discuss the implications of your argument Explain the applications of your argument Maker recommendations Speculate about the future Tell an anecdote that illustrates your point Describer a key image Offer a quotations that expresses the essence of your argument Ask a rhetorical question

46. Edit/Revise Does your paper meet the assignment? Is your writing focused? Title Sentence structure Paragraph structure Word choice Typos

47. Read 3 times!!! It is more difficult to edit every aspect of your paper all at once.

48. 1st Reading check…….. • Check your main idea and purpose

49. 2nd Reading check…… Intro Thesis Focus Organization Completeness Sources

50. 3rd Reading check…… Audience Style tone