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Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles

Explore the levels of organization in living organisms, from atoms to cells to organs systems. Learn about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, their structures, and functions. Discover interesting cell trivia along the way.

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Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles

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  1. Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles Life – it’s all about the cell

  2. Levels of organization • ATOMS  elements • Organic molecules – Carb, Lip, Prot, NA (biomolecules) • ORGANELLES – cell parts w/specific functions • CELLS – **1st level of life ** • TISSUE • ORGAN • ORGAN SYSTEM • ORGANISM 8 levels

  3. Example

  4. An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells Cell Trivia • Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells • When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells • A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells. • There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

  5. pro=before kary=nucleus Prokaryotic cells • Simple cells – very small • 1st cells on Earth – 3.5 BYA • Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria • Do NOT have nucleus, but do have nucleic acid/material • Most have a cell wall • Do NOT have organelles

  6. DNA

  7. eu=true Eukaryotic Cells • All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi) • Found on Earth 1.5 BYA • Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

  8. Quick check –Why is this cell eukaryotic? • Because it has a cell wall. • Because it contains DNA. • Because it has membrane-bound organelles. • Because it does not have DNA. Nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes Organelles Plasma membrane

  9. Eukaryotic Cell Structures • Cell/Plasma Membrane • Cell Wall • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Nuclear Envelope • Nucleolus • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Smooth ER/ • Rough ER • Ribosome • Golgi Apparatus • Vacuole • Lysosome • Cytoskeleton • Cilia • Flagella

  10. 1. Plasma (Cell) Membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins

  11. 2. Cell Wall Provides protection to the cell, Found around the cell membrane in bacteria, plant, fungal and some protist cells.

  12. 3. Cytoplasm Fluid that supports and holds organelles in place

  13. 4. Nucleus – control center of cell 5. Nuclear envelope/membrane 6. Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

  14. 7. Chloroplast Green organelle found in plants And some protists. Photosynthesis occurs here

  15. 8. Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration

  16. 9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports lipids 10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports proteins

  17. 11. Ribosome – site of protein synthesis

  18. 12. Golgi Apparatus (Complex or Bodies) – produces vesicles, modifies, packages and transports proteins

  19. 13. Vacuole Stores food, water and waste products. Large and central in plant cells Small and numerous in animal cells

  20. 14. Lysosomes – break down waste and foreign invaders, not found in plant cells

  21. 15. Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and structure to cell • microfilaments • microtubules

  22. 16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement Tail-like projections for movement Ciliated respiratory cells

  23. 18. Centrioles – found in animal cells, aid in cellular division

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