Health psych ESA stem

1. Health psych ESA stem

2. 3 approaches to the study of health psychology and briefly explain • Behaviourism • Conditioning to a response • Social psychology • Influence of social environment • Cognitive psychology • How can behaviourism be subdivided • Classical conditioning • Physical responses can be conditioned • Operant conditioning • Positive reinforcement > punishment • What is social cognition • Combination of social and cognitive psychology

3. How can psychological processes influence health • Dual pathway model • what is a health behaviour • A behaviour affecting health

4. Determinants of health behaviour • Background factors • Characteristics of people’s lives • Stable factors • Individual differences between people that are stable within people • Social factors • Social connections to immediate environment • Situational factors • Appraisal of personal relevance

5. Types of stable factors • Emotional disposition • Negative affect • Emotional expression • generalised expectations • Locus of control • Self efficacy • Explanatory style • Optimism • Attributional style

6. 3 health behaviour theories • Theory of planned behaviour • Health belief model • Transtheoretical model of change

7. 5 illness belief dimensions • Identity • Cause • Time • Consequences • Control-cure

8. Types of screening • Population • Self • Opportunistic • Types of prevention • Primary – avoid development • Secondary – detect early • Tertiary – treatment/rehab of established disease

9. Factors influencing screening uptake • Patient factors • Provider factors • Organisational factors • How do you screen for depression • Have you felt down/depressed in past month • Have you been bothered by decreased interest in past month

10. Screen for alcohol • C – thought about cut-down • A – annoyed by criticism • G - guilty • E – eye-opener

11. Screening for smoking • 5 A • Ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange • 5 R • Relevance, risks, rewards, roadblocks, repetition

12. ABC of depression • Affect • Behaviour • Cognition • Barriers to recognition • Patient level • Symptoms secondary to chronic illness • Language barrier • Variation in presentation • Provider level • Normalising attitudes • Time constraints • Lack of confidence asking • Unsure of next step

13. 6 models of psychological medicine • Egan’s 3 step model • Explore problem • Understand problem • Action • Review/evaluate • Cognitive behavioural therapy • Psychodynamic approach • Systemic approach • Humanistic approach • Integrated approach

14. Factors affecting consultation • Dr factors • Experience • Personality • Training • Targets • Previous experience • Patient factors • Experience of healthcare • Personality • Beliefs/fears • Social network

15. Perspectives of stress • Stimulus • Response • Process • Transactional model of stress • Stimulus • Primary appraisal (event demands) • Secondary appraisal (self) • Response (coping) • Health outcome (stress) • Types of coping • Problem focussed • Emotion focussed

16. What is a somatoform disorder • Psychological problem expressed as physical (somatic) symptoms • List and briefly describe different somatoform disorders • Somatoform disorder • Express emotional problems as somatic symptoms • Conversion disorder • Symptoms/deficits in voluntary movement or sensation • Hypochondrial disorder • Preoccupation with developing/having serious disease • Somatoform pain disorder • Pain of severity to cause clinically significant distress/impairment • Body dysmorphic disorder • Preoccupation with imagined or minor real defect in appearance