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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Inclusive Recreation History and Legislation. chapter. 2. Inclusive Recreation History and Legislation. Author name here for Edited books. Rodney Dieser and Kathleen G. Scholl.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter2 Inclusive Recreation History and Legislation chapter 2 Inclusive Recreation History and Legislation Author name here for Edited books Rodney Dieser and Kathleen G. Scholl

  2. This country will not be a good place for any of us to live in unless we make it a good place for all of us to live in. –President Theodore Roosevelt

  3. Why Understanding History Is Important • Understanding the past helps us • avoid repeating past mistakes, • learn from past successes, and • predict the consequences of actions. • Understanding the history of a profession provides a professional identity. • Historical research creates and shapes current perceptions of reality.

  4. Evolution of Inclusion • Historically, people outside societal norms have been mistreated and marginalized. • Ancient Greece • Renaissance in Italy • Age of Reason • Europe • America

  5. 20th-Century America • Before 1950 • Racism and segregation dominated • Forced assimilation into “whitestream” culture • Disability viewed as social and economic burden • Forced sterilization was commonplace • After 1950 • Deinstitutionalization during the ’60s and ’70s • The normalization principle • Inclusion movement was widespread by the ’90s

  6. Legislation in the United States • Minority groups have historically been invisible in the United States. • Starting in the early 20th century, a series of Civil Rights Acts were passed into law. • Litigation has and continues to shape the provisions of these laws.

  7. Early Achievements • Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 • Rehabilitation Legislation • Smith-Sear Veterans Vocational Rehabilitation Act • Fess-Smith Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS • 1954 Supreme Court case • Ruled that segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment

  8. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Guarantees basic civil rights to all Americans regardless of race • Includes recreation facilities • Miller v. Amusement Enterprises (1966) • Did not address discrimination based on disability status, sex, or age

  9. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 • Provides equal environmental access for all people. • Set accessibility standards for agencies, organizations, and businesses. • Covers both facilities and programs. • Includes all facets of parks, recreation, and tourism. • Initial effect was minimal, but led to later passage of the ADA.

  10. Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 • Requires federally funded educational institutions to provide women with educational treatment, opportunity, and resources equal to those provided for men for most of its programs and activities. • Title IX is not just sports. • Academic study (e.g., science, medicine, and law) • Health care and dormitory facilities • Nonsport activities and school clubs

  11. Rehab Act of 1973 • Provides equal access for people with disabilities through the removal of • architectural barriers, • employment barriers, and • transportation barriers. • Further supported the rights of persons with disabilities through affirmative action. • Section 504 and the San Francisco sit-in.

  12. Individuals picketing at the U.N. Plaza in front of the Federal Building in San Francisco, California on April 5, 1977.

  13. Age Discrimination Acts • Age Discrimination Act of 1975 • Age Employment Act of 1967

  14. The Right to Education • Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990 • 1997 Amendments • 2004 Amendments • Provides for free and appropriate public education • No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

  15. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 • Provides for physical and programmatic access in these areas: • Employment (Title I) • Government services (Title IIa) • Transportation (Title IIb) • Public service (Title III) • Telecommunications (Title IV) • Intent is for full participation, inclusion, and integration of people with disabilities.

  16. Summary • Understanding our history is important. • In the past, recreation was used to abuse, humiliate, and marginalize people outside societal norms. • This history should not be forgotten so that contemporary leisure professionals feel an ethical obligation to go beyond minimal standards in providing inclusive services.

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