1 / 38

Construction of a photocatalytic de- polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel of Brussels

Construction of a photocatalytic de- polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel of Brussels. Dr. Eng. Anne Beeldens Dr. Eng. Elia Boonen Belgian Road Research Centre e.boonen@brrc.be. Life+ PhotoPAQ Conference Lyon, April 15-17 th 2014. Life + -project PHOTOPAQ: Action I2. UV. UV.

woody
Download Presentation

Construction of a photocatalytic de- polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel of Brussels

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Construction of a photocatalytic de-polluting field site in the Leopold II tunnel of Brussels Dr. Eng. Anne Beeldens Dr. Eng. Elia Boonen BelgianRoad Research Centre e.boonen@brrc.be Life+ PhotoPAQ Conference Lyon, April 15-17th 2014

  2. Life+-project PHOTOPAQ: Action I2 UV UV pollutants pollutants radiation radiation adsorption adsorbtion and and decomposition decomposition TX TX product product TX TX product product • Action I2: application of photocatalytic, cement based materials on the side walls and the roof of the Leopold II tunnel in Brussels and rigorous measurement of effect on air pollution inside See data on photopaq.ircelyon.univ-lyon1.fr Improvement of urban air quality !?  CTG

  3. Une caractérisation complète de la qualité de l’airA full characterization of the air quality Tunnel Léopold II : la campagne de mesures Tunnel Léopold II : The field campaign ? Station 1 Station 2 Parois photocatalytiques – quel impact sur la qualité de l’air? Photocatalytic walls – impact on the air quality Section rénovée / Renovated section

  4. Tunnel Léopold II : la campagne de mesures Tunnel Léopold II : the field campaign Une caractérisation complète de la qualité de l’airA full characterization of the air quality Ozone NOx / NOy (Many) VOCs CO / CO2 Particles (size + composition) Station 1 Station 2 Section rénovée / Renovated section

  5. Chronology of fieldtesting • Set-up of the tunnel campaign • Preparation and implementation of first application – 70 m long • Set-up of tender specifications • Selection of contractor(s) to perform the works • Follow-up of the renovation works • Preparative (small) tunnel campaign – June 2011 • First tunnel campaign – September 2011 • Intermediate measurements in order to optimize the illumination and the material efficiency and to control the activation capacity of the material under tunnel conditions • Preparationandimplementation of second application – 160 m long • Set-up of tender specifications • Selection of contractor(s) toperform the works • Follow-up of the renovationworks • Second tunnel campaign – January 2013

  6. Set-up of the tunnel fieldcampaigns • Selection of field site: accessibility – pollution – possibility to apply the photocatalytic material and UV lighting • Inspection of selected tunnel site (visits with partners,…) • Collection of existing data (pollution [inside and outside tunnel], traffic, meteorology,…) • Contact and cooperation with local tunnel authorities (MRBC) • Contact with Brussels’ air quality network (IBGE)

  7. Selection of field site: collection of data Measuring stations in Brussels area and measured parameters:

  8. Leopold II tunnel: location of field site Tunnel segment of ± 200m Traffic: up to 65 000 vehicles per day

  9. Location of field site for tunnel campaigns

  10. Leopold II tunnel: inside view of test site

  11. Tunnel campaign: technical rooms for instrumentation

  12. Tunnel campaigns: field strategy (1) Monitor the targeted pollutants before and after the application of the active material (2) Monitor the targeted pollutants at the same time at two measurement sites in two very comparable locations up- and down-wind of the active tunnel section. (3) Monitoring of the pollutants at the downwind site with the UV irradiation on and off.

  13. Measurements in the tunnel • Pre-measuring campaign – small campaign June 2011 (with BUW) • Preparation of samples for laboratory control • First measuring campaign – September 2011 • Preliminary campaign (lab) to illustrate the activation possibility of the material inside the tunnel • Preparation of second tunnel campaign • Second tunnel campaign – January 2013 • Dismantling of the test site • Control of tunnel material afterwards

  14. First tunnel campaign: timing • Pre-campaign in June 2011 (routine measurement NOx and CO2) • Application in August 2011 (cleaning, application, lighting) • Intensive measurement campaign in September 2011 (9th-23rd): FRONT MAIN NOx Leipzig IRCELYON + BRRC CO2 BUW BUW NO2 LOPAP BUW HONO BUW O3 LISA ICARE ERMOVOC LISA Cartridge samples carbonyls ICARE + IFT VOCs (X) (Y) Online HCHO ICARE BUW AMS IFT SMPS IRCELYON Impactor Stg IFT PTR-MS ICARE Wind speed (Z) Light intensity (Z)

  15. Preparation and implementation of first application • 70 m long – photocatalytic material on ceiling and upper part of the wall • Material provided by partner Italcementi • Design and provision of lamps by DISANO • Set-up of tender specifications • Selection of contractor(s) to perform the works: VSE • Preparative test in order to optimize the application of the material, supervised by Italcementi • Visits to the tunnel in order to prepare planning and installation • Follow-up of the renovation works

  16. Typical equipment for application

  17. First tunnel campaign: execution 17

  18. First tunnel campaign: results (September 2011 - BUW) Much less „lamps off“ data… NO2 higher errors (NO2<NOx) NOx: X/CO2 emissions ratios, all west wind data: • May be a small dark reaction of NO2 • No photo-degradation for NO, NO2 ! • Upper limit NOx photo-degradation: <±2 %

  19. Activation of tunnel samples under UV?? • Tests according to ISO 22197-1 (2007) with NOin = 1ppmV, RH = 50%, F = 3l/min, A = 20x10 cm², and I = 4 W/m² • Tunnel samples put inside Leopold II tunnel at side walls, tested afterwards + effect of UV-A and/or washing treatment • To check possible (re)activation of samples under tunnel conditions (soot deposit, tunnel air,…) “Clean” sample ISO-container “Dirty” sample “Washed” sample

  20. Photocatalytic activity before and just after one week in tunnel (testing BRRC, march 2012) Before tunnel (15/02/2012): Reduction NO ≈ 37% Reduction NOx ≈ 33% Just after tunnel (~180h inside) (23/02/2012): Large production of “NO2” (400ppb), no NO reaction (other photochemistry) !? 4W/m² UV-A

  21. Activity after one week in tunnel + UV-A treatment and/or washing of sample (lab) After tunnel + 121h UV (4W/m²): (29/02/2012) Reduction NO ≈ 3,5% Reduction NOx ≈ 1% No increase of activity anymore! After tunnel + 121h UV and “soft” washing of surface (rinsing & wait until constant mass again): (05/03/2012) Reduction NO ≈ 12,5% Reduction NOx ≈ 7,5%

  22. Why second campaign is needed? • The activation rate of the productwas not sufficient (see tests) => unexpected, severe de-activation process! • The length of the test section wastoo short: only 70 m wascoveredwith the product • The light intensitywas not high enough (~ 1 W/m² UV-A) • Preliminarytesting round BRRC for second tunnel campaign (seefurther) • Conclusions for second tunnel campaign: • Longer length: 160 m • Boostedproduct: more activation • Higher light intensity (4 W/m²)

  23. Preliminary testing BRRC prior to second campaign • Tests following ISO 22197-1 (2007) withNOin = 1ppmV, RH = 50%, F = 3l/min, A = 20x10 cm², andI = 4 W/m² • 3 types of product tested on concrete blocks: ISO-container “Clean” sample Photocatalyticpaint BoostedCementitious coating Photocatalytic coating With trowel (16% water) With brush (23% water) • Withpreconditioning: • 120h UV (at 10 W/m²)* • Rinsingevery 12h* No treatment Brushed Sprayed * manufacturer’s guidelines

  24. Preparation of the samples • For each product, one sample was kept in the darkand put directly in tunnel without prior exposure to UV! • Total of ten (!) samples put inside the tunnel: • TestingforNOxdegradation (ISO): • Before entering tunnel • Just after tunnel (6 days) • After tunnel + UV treatment (4 W/m²)

  25. Summary of results

  26. Set-up for second tunnel campaign Map of the technical room: New sampling point (Bottom) Front site (sampling point) Old sampling point (Main site) Entrance of chamber

  27. Lighting design (DISANO) • Transition zone at exit – possibly extra lights necessary • Very strong lights (400 W * 212 ) => on/of will not be a single switch – by preference by technician of VSE – what would be the frequency? photocatalytic zone transition zone

  28. Impact study of new lighting system on drivers in tunnel segment Askedforby Brussels Authorities: OK => green light in October 2012

  29. Second tunnel campaign, Execution: application of product and lighting (November-December 2012) • Cleaning of the walls and ceiling • Mixing and spraying of the product • Installation of UV light – transition zone • Activation period !

  30. Second tunnel campaign: PROBLEMS WITH LIGHTING!! • Breaking of glassupon switch-on of lamps! • Defects in armature/lamps? • Too small lamp holding? • Significant fraction of light in UV-B range => heating? • Installation of metallic shuttersinsidelampstosolveproblem • Phocatalyticmaterial6 weeks without UV!

  31. Second campaign, Measuring equipment: front and bottom site (january 2013)

  32. Unfortunately, cold and humid conditions

  33. BUT: Second tunnel campaign results  • TOO LOW LIGHT INTENSITY • HIGH RH INSIDE TUNNEL (70-90%)

  34. Photocatalytic results January 2013 • Also no reduction with the modified NOx/CO2 evaluation Differences are not significant… With goodwill (assuming the numbers have no error…): NOx reduction could be 2-3% But: errors are of the same magnitude!

  35. Photocatalytic activity of tunnel samples, january 2013 • Tests accordingto ISO 22197-1 (2007) withNOin = 1ppmV, RH = 50%, F = 3l/min, A = 20x10 cm², andI = 2-4-10 W/m² + one test with RH ~ 75% • Tunnel samples made & keptinside Leopold II tunnel withboosted TX-materialfrom second measurementcampaign (dec – jan 2013) • Clean reference sample kept at BRRC premises “Clean” reference sample “Dirty” tunnel samples

  36. Summary of results on tunnel samples, BRRC • Hence, combination of: • Too muchpassivation: • ca. 6 weeks without UV! • Too low light intensity: 2 versus 4 W/m² • Too high RH duringcampaign75 versus 50% RH Factor 10!

  37. Conclusions and perspectives • PhotoPAQ’s Leopold II field campaigns proved to be a unique real world and fully comprehensive assessment of effect of photocatalyticconstruction materials on air pollution inside a tunnel environment • A lot of useful information was gathered concerning air pollution dynamics inside tunnels and setting up of a tunnel field campaign • Recommendations for proper use of photocatalyticmaterials • Model tool for extrapolation to estimate the expected pollution reduction in other urban tunnel sites

  38. Thank you for your attention!

More Related