Knower(s)

2. Theory of Knowledge Diagram Mathematics Ways of Knowing Natural Sciences Sense Perception Ethics Reason Knower(s) Emotion Areas of Knowledge Human Sciences Language Arts History

3. Empiricism starting point for all knowledge is experience Rationalism starting point for all knowledge is reason TaK - Perception

4. Sense Perception and Knowledge Our senses connect us with the world around us … … but how connected are we? TaK - Perception

5. TaK - Perception Cosmic Rays UV Light Radar X Rays Infra Red TV & Radio 10 22 10 20 10 18 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 10 8 10 6 10 4 10 2 10 0 Frequency (Hz) Visual Window Our senses are limited: Light Waves

6. Highest Voice Lowest Voice TaK - Perception 10 22 10 20 10 18 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 10 8 10 6 10 4 10 2 10 0 Frequency (Hz) Audio Window Our senses are limited: Sound Waves

7. Bloodhound: • “A nose with a dog attached” • 230 million olfactory cells compared to 5 million in humans • 1000 times better sense of smell than humans • Have been known to be able to track a scent for over 100 miles TaK - Perception Our senses are limited: Smell

8. TaK - Perception • So perhaps we don’t see, hear, smell, taste and touch everything… • … but what we do sense, we sense accurately – don’t we?

9. TaK - Perception • Think about physical sensation(Touch)…. • You plunge your hand into a bucket of hot water – is the pain in your hand, or in your mind? • You plunge your hand into a bucket of ice cold water – for a moment you aren’t sure if it is hot or cold …

10. TaK - Perception • What is in the mind and what is in the world?

11. Sensation • which is provided by the world • Interpretation • which is provided by the mind • (external stimuli + mental processes) TaK - Perception

12. TaK - Perception EsrefArmagan – born blind

13. In our everyday life, we are not usually aware of our minds interpreting the sensations that flood into our senses .... TaK - Perception

14. TaK - Perception Awareness test - Selectivity

15. TaK - Perception Sensory Perception is selective: What the eye saw….

16. TaK - Perception Sensory Perception is selective: What the camera saw….

17. TaK - Perception Donna Williams – Autistic author and consultant Writes about being unable to filter out stimuli

18. TaK - Perception “It’s not what you look at that matters, it’s what you see.” H.D. Thoreau

19. TaK - Perception Interpretation: Understanding what we see - Coherence

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21. Expectation TaK - Perception

22. TaK - Perception Expectation

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24. What is this? TaK - Perception Organising Principles – the Law of Simplicity

25. TaK - Perception What is this?

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27. TaK - Perception Interpretation – finding meaning in what we see

28. TaK - Perception Interpretation

29. TaK - Perception • Imagination, • Context, • Expectation and • Sense Perception • affect the way we interpret sense data

30. TaK - Perception • You are walking down a dark alley ... • there are footsteps behind you …

31. Context TaK - Perception

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35. TaK - Perception The mental construction of reality

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41. The two tables are exactly the same length and width TaK - Perception

42. “The eyes see only what the mind is prepared to comprehend” Bergson TaK - Perception

43. Take the following and explain how education and training can affect what we perceive: • A biologist looking down a microscope • A dentist looking at an x-ray • A professional wine taster • A lifeguard • An artist TaK - Perception

44. TaK - Perception “Who you are decides what you see”

45. TaK - Perception • Think about the following and describe how they might be seen through the eyes of the different people: • A child dying in poverty as seen by a doctor, an economist, a social worker, the child’s father • A sunset as seen by a religious figure, a physicist, a painter, a farmer • Atreeas seen by a biologist, a logger, an environmentalist, a carpenter

46. Sense Perception is an important source of knowledge but there are reasons for treating it with caution: TaK - Perception

47. We may misinterpret what we perceive • We may fail to notice something • We may misremember what we have perceived • Sensory perception is selective • Our senses have limitations • Experience creates expectations • Subjective factors – interests, moods – affect sensory perception TaK - Perception

48. Eye-witness testimony TaK - Perception

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