The Healthy Heart

1. The Healthy Heart

2. Chambers of the Heart Left Atrium Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. Right Atrium Receives blood through the superior and inferior vena cava. Left Ventricle Pumps blood rich in oxygen through the aorta to the arteries to nourish the body systems. Right Ventricle Pumps blood in need of oxygen to the lungs.

3. Development of Atherosclerosis Fatty Streaks Develop on the Arterial Walls at Injury Spots Growth and Hardening of Fatty Streaks Plaque Formation (well developed by age 30) Narrowing and Loss of Elasticity of the Arteries Restriction of Blood Flow to the Heart or Brain Limited Oxygen Delivery to the Heart or Brain Blood Pressure Elevation Blood Clot Formation and Thrombosis Angina, Heart Attack and/or Stroke

4. The Atherosclerotic Process

5. Blood Pressure Definition:A measure of the force exerted against the walls of the vessels by the blood flowing through them. Systolic Blood Pressure Pressure exerted by blood against walls of the arteries during forceful contraction of the heart. Diastolic Blood Pressure Pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries during relaxation of the heart. Sphygmomanometer & Stethoscope

6. What Is a Healthy Blood Pressure? 115/75 mm Hg HEALTHY READING 120-139/80-90 mm Hg PREHYPERTENSION 140-159/90-99 mm Hg 160+/100+ mm Hg HYPERTENSION

7. Preventing Hypertension • Lifestyle Changes • Losing weight. • Regular exercise. • Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH Diet). • Restriction of daily sodium intake.

8. Factors You Can Control Physical Inactivity Tobacco Obesity Blood Fats Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes Mellitus Factors You Can’t Control Heredity Race and Ethnicity Age Gender Bacterial Infection Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

9. Tobacco and Heart Disease • Smoking is the single most significant risk factor for CV disease and peripheral vascular disease. • Each year smoking causes 250,000+ deaths from cardiovascular disease. • Active vs. passive smoking. • How Smoking Damages The Heart: • Nicotine overstimulates the heart. • Carbon monoxide reduce the oxygen supply to the heart. • Tars and other smoke residues increase the risk of cholesterol build-up in the arteries. • Smoking increases blood clotting. • Smoking causes irreversible damage to the arteries.

10. Understanding Blood Lipids Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) - Fatty substances produced by the liver that carry cholesterol to arterial walls: “bad” cholesterol High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)– Fatty substance that picks up cholesterol in the bloodstream and returns it to the liver; “good cholesterol Triglycerides – Fats that flow through the blood after meals and have been linked to increased risk of coronary artery disease

11. Serum Cholesterol Guidelines

12. The Lifestyle Syndrome • Definition: A cluster of conditions and diseases that result from: • Consuming too many calories. • Ingesting too much saturated fat, sodium, and alcohol. • Not burning up enough calories. • Smoking or being exposed to tobacco smoke. • Consequences: • Hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, depression, sexual dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus.

13. Unclogging The Arteries • Cholesterol-lowering drugs • Low-fat diet • Dean Ornish Diet (without medications) • Very low-fat diet (8% of total daily calories) • Moderate exercise for 1 hour three times per week. • Stress counseling. • One hour of yoga, meditation, breathing, and progressive relaxation per day.

14. Heart-Smart Strategies For Life Don’t smoke Watch your weight Cut down on saturated fat and cholesterol Get moving Lower your stress levels Know your family history Get your blood pressure checked regularly Tame your temper Get a lipoprotein profile Take appropriate medications