S.V. Kolomiyets 14 Lenin ave., Kharkiv 61166 Kharkiv National University

1. “Meteors, Meteoroids and an Interplanetary dust” research area and the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) 2007-2009 program S.V. Kolomiyets 14 Lenin ave., Kharkiv 61166 Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics (KhNURE)UKRAINE Presenter:Discipline Coordinator for “Meteor, Meteoroids and an Interplanetaty Dust”research area (The IHY Secritariat appointment) s.kolomiyets@gmail.com

2. Size Scale Studied IGY IPY-2 IPY-1 IHY 1883 1933 1957 2007 TIME The International Heliophysical Year (IHY) 2007-2008/2009 An international program of scientific research IHY CONVENERS: Joseph M. Davila1, Nancy Crooker2, Nat Gopalswamy1, and Barbara Thompson1 1Goddard Space Flight Center and 2Boston University (USA) IHY: the Science of Universal Processes from the Sun to the Interstellar Medium (ISM) / boundary of the Heliosphere. Historical Perspective Program Elements • Science campaigns • Distributed small instrument arrays • Magnetometers, radio dish, GPS receivers, all-sky cameras, etc. • Series of cross-cutting CDAW-like workshops to develop interpretations • Publication of workshop results • Outreach, Education, and History • History preservation effort in conjunction with AGU History Committee • IGY Gold Program to honor participants in the IGY • Educational outreach • Planetarium show development • UNBSS distributed instrument initiative Developing Nations Participation Global Studiesof the Sun-Earth System through the United Nations ra Aurora at Saturn’s poles The IHY continues the tradition of previous international years through synoptic observation of universal physical processes in the solar system. Jupiter’s aurora imaged with HST The past: International Geophysical Year (IGY) In 1957, in a display of unprecedented international cooperation, morethan 60,000 scientists and engineers from 67 nations at thousands ofresearch stations around the world participated in the InternationalGeophysical Year (IGY 1957).The primary goal of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) was tostudy the global phenomena of Earth and geospace. IGY: The start of space exploration and United Nations interestin outer space IGY heralded the start of space exploration with the launch of Sputnik 1 in October 4, 1957. It was also directly responsible for the United Nations General Assembly’s interest in outer space and the establishment of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space(UN-COPUOS): the UN’s primary committee that deals with the use of outer space for peaceful purposes. Science Goals 1. Develop the basic science of heliophysics through cross-disciplinary studies of universal processes. 2. Determine the response of terrestrial and planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to external drivers. 3. Promote research on the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the local interstellar medium - the new frontier. 4. Foster international scientific cooperation in the study of heliophysical phenomena now and in the future 5. Communicate unique IHY results to the scientific community and the general public Accomplished through the study of universal processes from the Sun to the Interstellar Medium (ISM). Why Now? Overall Schedule after 2000 - 2003 • Fifty years after the IGY, a large armada of existing or planned spacecraft are in place to provide the most comprehensive global measurements of the sun-earth interplanetary system yet obtained • Earth based observatories can provide measurements of terrestrial effects at the poles and elsewhere • 2004: Regional coordination meetings, campaigns begin to be defined, synergy/coordination discussions with professional organizations • 2005: Synthesis from regional to international, merging of science working groups and campaigns, "backfilling" missing initiatives • 2006: Prototyping year, preliminary work, review and finalize campaign proposals, proposals to national funding agencies • 2007: IHY campaigns, establish data bases and tools • 2008: workshops, publications, archives • International collaboration is easier today than in previous international years with • abundant and cheap electronic communication available NOW is the best opportunity for global studies in the next 50 years WEBSITE: http://ihy2007.org IHY Inauguration Ceremony – February 19, 2007

3. International Heliophysical Year Secretariat American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida, Ave. NW Washington, DC 20009-1277 USA ihy2007.org January 30, 2007 Svitlana Kolomiyets Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics Lenin Avenue, 14 Kharkiv, 61166, Ukraine Dear Dr. Kolomiyets, The year 2007 will mark the 50th Anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and 50 years of space exploration. About 60,000 scientists from 67 nations participated in the IGY. The world’s science community is again coming together for an international program of scientific collaboration: the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) 2007 with scientists from even more nations involved. IHY extends the concept of "Geophysics" to “Heliophysics” to embrace not only atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics but include studies of other planets, the outer reaches of the heliosphere, and its interaction with the interstellar medium. The IHY Secretariat is pleased to confirm your appointment as the Discipline Coordinator for the “Meteors, Meteoroids and an Interplanetary Dust” research area. We welcome your participation, and look forward to working with you during the IHY. Sincerely, International Heliophysical Year ConvenersJoseph M. Davila, Nat Gopalswamy, Barbara Thompson,

4. SUCCESSFUL METEOR INVESTIGATION DURING the IGY1957. WHAT ABOUT the IHY 2007-2009? http://ihy2007.org.uk/CIP_list.shtm IHY 2007 CIP 65 – METEOR programme title: Meteors in the Earth atmosphere and Meteoroids in the Solar system Lead Proposer Svetlana Kolomiyets The Discipline Coordinator for the “Meteors, Meteoroids and an Interplanetary Dust” research area of the IHY 2007-2009 program Meteor Radar Centre, Kharkiv National University ofRadioelectronics(KhNURE) Other proposers: WELCOME! soon on web <http://www.kture.kharkov.ua>

5. Controversial, but interesting facts…Bulk of diffusive substance of the Solar system ~ compare with the Sun massInflow of meteor substance in the Earth atmosphere every day ~20-130 TInflow of meteor substance in the Earth atmosphere every year ~ 50 000 TApril 26, 1996 – the Earth meet meteor stream of the Halley comet.(Feb 9, 1996 - perihelionpassing of the Halley comet)

6. International Geophysical Year, IAU, USSR. METEOR ASTRONOMY IGY Coordinator - Commission 22 (Division III) Presidents: V. Guth (ČSR) till 1958  V. Fedynskiy (USSR) after 1958 Results of researches on the program of the International Geophysical Year V Section of IGY program“IONOSPHERE and METEORS” were published in Annals of the IGY (France, Paris) and numerous collections of articles in the Russian language (USSR: Moscow, Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov, Kazan, Tomsk…) 1957 – 1958 – 1959

7. Addresses of the organizations coordinating meteor researches in the USSR during time IGY (as of 1957): • Moscow, B. Gruzinskaja 10, Astronomical Council AS of the USSR, the Commission on Comets and Meteors. Russian SFSR • 2) Odessa, Park named Shevchenko, Astronomical observatory of the Odessa University (parent organization of meteor service of the USSR during period IGY). Ukrainian SSR • On organizational questions also: • 3) Moscow, the Kaluga highway 71, Interdepartmental Committee on carrying out IGY at Presidium AS of the USSR, working group on studying meteors. Russian SFSR • Materials should be sent to the address: • the Moscow area, post Vatutenki, the Scientific • research Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, • an Ionosphere and Distribution of Radiowaves • (nowIZMIRAN) Russian SFSR

8. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) 1924 – 1991 The Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991, and the successor states are a collection of 15 COUNTRIES commonly dubbed "the Former Soviet Union." For several years after 1991 these states were commonly referred to as the NIS "NEW INDEPENDENT STATES." As the immediacy of the fall of the Soviet Union faded, geographic-historical terms began to be used more often, such as "Eurasia" or the "Former Soviet Union." Within Russia, the former non-Russian republics have commonly been referred to collectively as the "near abroad," and the 15 successor countries together as "Post-Soviet space."

9. The purpose: to emphasize, that there are some specific features of the development of science in the NIS of the Former Soviet Union. These features demand enhanced attention of the organizers of IHY. Creation of effective mechanisms for stimulation of connection to the world science of the dormant part of fundamental scientific knowledge of these countries which have been saved up for fifty of years, since IGY is necessary. Soviet Republics Armenian SSR Azerbaijan SSR Byelorussian SSR Estonian SSR Georgian SSR Kazakh SSR Kyrgyz SSR Latvian SSR Lithuanian SSR Moldavian SSR Russian SFSR Tajik SSR Turkmen SSR Ukrainian SSR Uzbek SSR Independent Countries 1 - Armenia 2 - Azerbaijan 3 -Belarus 4- Estonia 5 - Georgia 6 - Kazakhstan 7 - Kyrgyzstan 8 - Latvia 9 - Lithuania 10- Moldova 11 - Russia 12 - Tajikistan 13 - Turkmenistan 14- Ukraine 15 - Uzbekistan Probably, IHY is the last opportunity of rescuing of the dormant part of this meteor knowledge from full oblivion.

10. IGY active meteor centres of republics of the USSR Ukrainian SSR, Russian SFSR, Tajik SSR, Turkmen SSR RUSSIAN (Kazan, Tomsk) UKRAINIAN (Odessa, Kiev, Kharkiv) TAJIK (Dushanbe) TURKMEN (Ashkhabad)

11. RADAR METEOR ASTRONOMY and IGY 1957 The radar meteor astronomy can be assumed as young science. It is the example of cross-disciplinary science. It is the example of science having sharp rise due to the project of the IGY and the subsequent geophysical projects. The radar meteor astronomy is science directly connected with launching of the first space satellite of the Earth (October 4, 1957) and the decision of problems of meteoroid danger to space missions.

12. N City φ λ Н m Scientific institutes / Country Program, N igy 1 Ashkhabad 37 ° 56 ' 58 ° 24 ' 200 AstrophysicalLaboratory of the Institute of Physics and Geophysics AS Turkmen SSR Ya.F. Sadykov. R, Ph, V N696 (C126) 2 Kazan 55 ° 47 ' 49° 07 ' 80 Astronomical observatory named Engelgardt of the Kazan University Russian SFSR K.V. Kostylev. R N233 3 Kiev 50 ° 27 ' 30° 30 ' 185 Astronomical observatory named Shevchenko of the Kiev University Ukrainian SSR A.F.Bogorodskikh R, Ph, N320 4 Odessa 46 ° 29 ' 30° 46 ' 50 Astronomical observatory named Shevchenko of the Odessa University Ukrainian SSR V.P.Tsesevich R, Ph, V N621 5 Stalinabad Dushanbe 38 ° 34 ' 68° 46 ' 820 Institute of Astrophysics АSTajik SSR P.B. Babadzhanov. R, Ph, V N680 (C115) 6 Tomsk 56 ° 29 ' 84° 59 ' 120 Tomsk Polytechnical InstituteRussian SFSR Ye.F.Fialko. R N224 7 Kharkov 50 ° 00 ' 36° 14 ' 140 Kharkov Polytechnical Institute (faculty of Radioengineering)Ukrainian SSRB.L. Kashcheyev R N358(B141) Participants of program IGY 1957 on meteor research in the USSR R - radar, Ph - photographic, V - visual

13. METEOR CENTERS of UKRAINE TODAY : Radar- Kharkiv; optical -Kiev, Odessa) ▼ ▼ ▼

14. RADAR METEOR INVESTIGATIONS IN KNHURE The Meteor Radar Centre of the KHNURE has almost semi-centennial experience as in carrying out of ground radar observation of faint meteors in Kharkiv, as and in interpretation of data from radar observations. For this time unique extensive experimental data are received and kept. The following data were registered: meteor rates, meteor heights, meteor radiants; velocities and orbits of meteoroids. The improved “MARS” is installed on the proving ground of the KHNURE near Kharkiv (Ukraine) in 1972. It was one of the first automatic meteor radar systems in the world. The MARS system had high effective sensitivity (up to 12 m) and enabled to carry out an all-round meteor research. For the orbital data registered during 1967 – 1978 the primary information for calculation of velocities, radiants and orbits is kept. The detailed observation logs are available. The primary information of the data 1967 – 1971 are kept as registration on a film (near 50 km),see on the sample. Scientists of the KHNURE have an experience of equatorial radar observation of meteors up to 8 m during the African expedition to Somalia to Mogadishu (2 0 N., 45 0 E). These observations were carried during 1968-1970 on a special complex of equipment " Tropic " with frequency of radiation of 36,7 MHz. By means of this complex has been registered about 6,000 orbits published in the known catalogue. The sample of orbit registration on a film (MARS data, 1967-1971)

15. Data and the methodology and the nominal parameters of Meteoric Automatic Radar System (MARS)

16. Data and the methodology and the nominal parameters of Meteoric Automatic Radar System (MARS) -Continuation

17. The Scientific - Educational Center of a Radioengineering (The Laboratory of a Radioengineering till 2002) of the Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics (KHNURE) specializes in meteor basic radar researches in the Earth atmosphere (METEOR RADAR CENTER). The Laboratory of a Radioengineering is one of the oldest radar meteor centers, which was founded by B.L.Kashcheyev in 1956-1958. According to the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers the Balakleyapoligon with radar equipment (49 0 N, 37 0 E, near Kharkiv) has got the status of the National property of Ukraine. Prof. Boris Kashcheyev was the overwhelmingly important participant of the IGY . B.L. Kashcheyev takes stand of a member of IAU starting with 1958 after successful results of researches of meteoric activity with the radar-tracking method, executed in Kharkiv. Sc.D, Prof. Boris Kashcheyev provided guidance for meteor astronomical and geophysical researches of Laboratory during 1957-2000. He was famous Ukrainian scientist. Prof. Boris Kashcheev had great contributions in the development of science and education in KHNURE, and in the international investigation of meteors. In Minor Planet Circular N 32346, 1999 Aug.8 there is (6811)Kashcheev = 1976QP. B.L. Kashcheyev (1920-2004)

18. НАУЧНЫЕ ТРУДЫ УЧЕНОГО Б.Л. КАЩЕЕВА • Всего научных публикаций, связанных с именем Б.Л. Кащеева более 300, среди них 11 монографий. • Монографии • Кащеев Б.Л. и Лебединец В.Н. Радиолокационные исследования метеорных явлений. М. изд. АН СССР, 1961. 123 с. • Кащеев Б.Л., Цесевич В.П. Исследование циркуляции атмосферы в метеорной зоне. М. «Наука» 1965, 64 с. • Кащеев Б.Л., Лебединец В.Н., Лагутин М.Ф. Метеорные явления в атмосфере Земли. М. «Наука» 1967, 260 с. • Бондарь Б.Г., Кащеев Б.Л. Метеорная связь. Киев. «Техника» 1968, 120с. • Бабаджанов П.Б., Кащеев Б.Л., Нечитайленко В.А., Федынский В.В. Радиометеорные исследования циркуляции верхней атмосферы. Душанбе. «Дониш» 1974, 171 с. • Кащеев Б.Л., Нечитайленко В.А. Факторы селекции наблюдений метеорного ветра. М. Междуведомственный геофизический комитет. 1997, 65 с. • Кащеев Б.Л., Кальченко Б.В. Орбиты метеоров по наблюдениям на экваторе. Междуведомственный геофизический комитет. Мировой центр данных Б. каталог (апрель-июнь 1970). М. 1977, С. 40. • Кащеев Б.Л., Ткачук А.А. Результаты радиолокационных наблюдений слабых метеоров. Каталог орбит метеоров до +12m. М. Междуведомственный геофизический комитет. 1980, 232 с. • Волощук Ю.И., Кащеев Б.Л. Распределение метеорных тел вблизи орбиты Земли. М. «Наука» 1981, 187 с. • Волощук Ю.И., Кащеев Б.Л., Кручиненко В.Г. Метеоры и метеорное вещество. Киев. «Наукова думка» 1989, 293 с. • Кащеев Б.Л., Коваль Ю.А., Горбач В.И., Бондарь Б.Г. Метеоры сегодня. Киев. «Техника» 1996, 196с. 

19. Pin of the IGY 1957, pin of the IHY 2007 and pin of the Gold IGY The improved “MARS” is installed on the proving ground of the KHNURE near Kharkiv (Ukraine) in 1972. It was one of the first automatic meteor radar systems in world. The MARS system had high effective sensitivity (up to 12 m) and enabled to carry out an all-round meteor research. For the orbital data registered during 1967 – 1978 the primary information for calculation of velocities, radiants and orbits is kept. The detailed observation logs are available. The primary information of the data 1967 – 1971 are kept as registration on a film (near 50 km),see Fig Scientists of the KHNURE have an experience of equatorial radar observation of meteors up to 8 m during the African expedition to Somalia to Mogadishu (2 0 N., 45 0 E). These observations were carried during 1968-1970 on a special complex of equipment " Tropic " with frequency of radiation of 36,7 MHz. By means of this complex has been registered about 6,000 orbits published in the known catalogue. The sample of orbit registration on a film (MARS data, 1967-1971)

21. Today some fields of the KHNURE meteor theoretical researches are: statistic analyze of measurement results of radar observations, estimation accuracy of meteor radar measurements, influx of cosmic dust on the Earth, comparisons “apparent” and “true” multidimensional distributions of the orbital parameters of sporadic and stream meteors, determination marginally registered meteoroid mass, elaboration techniques for calculating different perception factors, search of parental bodies of meteoroids, search real near parabolic and hyperbolic orbits, perfect computer electron database, estimation meteoroid and asteroid hazards, creation empirical and mathematical models of meteoroid complex, reconstruction and revolution former data.

22. IHY Supporting Organizations SCOSTEP, United Nations, IAU,AGU, NASA, IUGG, COSPAR, NCAR, AOGS, COST The IHY/UNBSSI Developing Nations Program This joint program will target activities which stimulate Space and Earth Science activities in developing nations, such as the establishment of ground-based instrument arrays and research programs. States of the Former Soviet Union (NIS) belong to countries of the developing world Meteor centers of NIS need in preserve and support.

23. Method: display of the general tendencies in individual displays. …Joseph Stalin died on March 5, 1953. In the absence of an acceptable successor, the highest Communist Party officials opted to rule the Soviet Union jointly, although a struggle for power took place behind the facade of collective leadership. Nikita Khrushchev, who won the power struggle by the mid-1950s, denounced Stalin’s of repression in 1956 and eased repressive controls over party and society. During this period the Soviet Union continued to realize scientific and technological pioneering exploits, in extenso, to launch the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1, living being Laika, and later, the first human being Yuri Gagarin into Earth's orbit. However, since the 1970s, the growth rate had slowed substantially. Extensive economic development, based on vast inputs of materials and labor, was no longer possible; yet the productivity of Soviet assets remained low compared with other major industrialized countries. Prior to its collapse, the Soviet Union had the largest centrally directed economy in the world. The government established its economic priorities through central planning …

24. Preserving Our History and Heritage Despite of close interaction under global projects of Soviet Union with other countries there existed a lingual barrier. The lingual barrier together with other reasons has led to the creation in the USSR a powerful meteor science only in the Russian language. After disintegration of the Soviet Union the meteor centers have remained without ordinary central management. The part of scientific results has remained an isolated, inaccessible science published in English.Conclusion 1 Reunion of the scientific achievements of the last years received in the NIS with the international science should become the task of the International Heliophycical Year 2007-2008. Revival of the activity of the some scientific centers of the NIS will be useful. Meteor Radar Center of Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics Ukraine

25. SUCCESSFUL METEOR INVESTIGATION DURING the IGY1957. WHAT ABOUT the IHY 2007-2009? http://ihy2007.org.uk/CIP_list.shtm IHY 2007 CIP 65 – METEOR programme title: Meteors in the Earth atmosphere and Meteoroids in the Solar system Lead Proposer Svetlana Kolomiyets The Discipline Coordinator for the “Meteors, Meteoroids and an Interplanetary Dust” research area of the IHY 2007-2009 program Meteor Radar Centre, Kharkiv National University ofRadioelectronics(KhNURE) Other proposers: WELCOME! soon on web <http://www.kture.kharkov.ua>

26. 1. Meteors and Ionosphere 1.Meteors and Ionosphere 2.Meteoroids, Interplanetary Dust and Heliosphere Conclusion 2 Get support the Meteor program CIP 65 in the IHY! Get involve the Meteor monitoring with Forecast in the GEOSS…! Svetlana Kolomiyets/Meteor Radar Centre /Ukraine Thank you!