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The Road to 10G Ethernet 千兆位元乙太網路簡介

This article provides an introduction to Gigabit Ethernet technology, its history, design objectives, and its advantages for network scalability and support for new applications and data types. It also discusses the low cost of ownership and easy migration to higher performance levels offered by 10G Ethernet.

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The Road to 10G Ethernet 千兆位元乙太網路簡介

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  1. The Road to 10G Ethernet千兆位元乙太網路簡介 National Dong Hwa University Director of Computer Center Han-Chieh Chao

  2. Outline • From the Beginning • 10Gb Ethernet • Summary Han-Chieh Chao

  3. From the Beginning Han-Chieh Chao

  4. From the Beginning • “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.“ • Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 • “640K ought to be enough for anybody.” • Bill Gates, 1981 • “32 bits should be enough address space for Internet” • Vint Cerf, 1977 (HonoraryChairman of IPv6 Forum 2000) Han-Chieh Chao

  5. An Introduction of Ethernet • Why Ethernet? • Easy structure • Low cost • Having most markets of LAN or MAN Han-Chieh Chao

  6. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.) • The structure of Ethernet • In 1973, Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs developed Ethernet for interconnecting the labs at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center • Metcalfe named the “Ethernet”, choosing “ether” to describe the medium – a cable – that carrier bits to all nodes in the network. Han-Chieh Chao

  7. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.) The Original Design of Ethernet from Robert Metcalfe Han-Chieh Chao

  8. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.) • Metcalfe’s Law • Similar the “Moore’s Law” • Predicted the value of the network expands exponentially as the number of users increases • Due to the successful combination of Ethernet with the microprocessors Han-Chieh Chao

  9. An Introduction of Ethernet(cont.) • The History of Ethernet Technology • 1973, Metcalfe developed the Ethernet at Palo Alto. • 1980, Digital, Intel and Xerox developed the standard of 10Mpbs Ethernet. • 1992, the Grand Junction Network Company brought up the structure of 100Mbps Ethernet • 1998, addressed the standard of Gigabit Ethernet • mid-2002 , it will be completely addressed the draft 10 Gigabit standard. Han-Chieh Chao

  10. 10 Gigabit Ethernet Han-Chieh Chao

  11. Current Problems in Networks • Explosion usages of Internet • More consumer and business applications • Tremendous traffics • More than 80% of network traffic is now data than voice. • Multimedia is in vogue. • Bandwidth is not enough. • Managements become more complex. Han-Chieh Chao

  12. 10 Gigabit Ethernet: The Strategic Alternative • Easy, straightforward migration to higher performance levels without disruption. • Low cost of ownership – including both acquisition and support costs. • Familiar management tools and common skills base. Han-Chieh Chao

  13. 10 Gigabit Ethernet: The Strategic Alternative(cont.) • Ability to support new applications and data types. • Flexibility in network design Han-Chieh Chao

  14. Easy Migration to Higher Performance • 10 Gigabit Ethernet • Is the simplest way to scale enterprise and service provider (SP) networks • Leverages the installed base of more 300 million Ethernet switch ports • Supports all data services • Supports local, metro, and wide area networks Han-Chieh Chao

  15. Easy Migration to Higher Performance(cont.) • Is the faster, cheaper, and simpler than alternatives • Optionally matches MAN/WAN backbone speed of OC-192 • It promises the ability for Ethernet to use SONET/SDH for Layer1 transport across the WAN transport backbone. • SONET: Synchronous Optical NETwork • SDH: equivalent Synchronous Digital Hierarchy network Han-Chieh Chao

  16. Low Cost of Ownership • Each new generation of Ethernet provides 10 times the bandwidth at only three to four times the cost of the previous generation. • 10 Gbps WAN PHY links will cost less than 10 Gbps OC-192c links. • 10 Gbps WAN PHY is an asynchronous Ethernet link • SONET/SDH is difficult, expensive to implement timing and jitter requirement Han-Chieh Chao

  17. Low Cost of Ownership(cont.) • When compatibility with SONET infrastructure is not a requirement, 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY will be the most cost-effective way to build 10 Gbps links for data networks. Han-Chieh Chao

  18. Ethernet Economics Han-Chieh Chao

  19. Support for New Application and Data types Han-Chieh Chao

  20. IEEE802.3ae Han-Chieh Chao

  21. The Design Objectives • Preserve the 802.3 Ethernet frame format at MAC client server interface • Meet 802 functional requirements with the possible exception of hamming distance • Preserve the minimum and maximum frame size of the current 802.3 standard • Support full duplex only Han-Chieh Chao

  22. The Design Objectives(cont.) • Support star-wired LANs using point-to-point links and structured cabling topologies • Specify an optional media independent interface(MII) • Support P802.3ad link aggregation • Support a speed of 10 Gbps at the MAC/PLS service interface Han-Chieh Chao

  23. The Design Objectives(cont.) • Define two familiar PHYs • A LAN PHY, operating at a data rate of 10Gb/s • AWAN PHY,operating at a data rate compatible with the payload rate of OC-192/SDH VC-4-64c • Define a mechanism to adapt the MAC/PLS data rate to the data rate of the WAN PHY Han-Chieh Chao

  24. The Design Objectives(cont.) • Provide Physical Layer specifications that support link distances • At least 100m over installed MMF • At least 300m over MMF • At least 2, 10, 40km over SMF • Support fiber media selected from the second edition of ISO/IEC 11801(802.3 to work with SC25/WG3 to develop appropriate specifications for any new fiber media). Han-Chieh Chao

  25. We are here!! Han-Chieh Chao

  26. Flow Chart Showing the IEEE Standard Process Han-Chieh Chao

  27. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard The architecture components of the LAN and WAN PHY Han-Chieh Chao

  28. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard • MDI=Medium Dependent Interface • XGMII=10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface • PCS=Physical Coding Sublayer • PMA=Physical Medium Attachment • PMD=Physical Medium Dependent • WIS=WAN Interface Sublayer Han-Chieh Chao

  29. 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY Types • 10GBase-R • For serial PMD type • 64B/66B Code=>10.3GBaud • 10GBase-X • For WWDM PMD type • 8B/10B Code=>4x3.125GBaud Han-Chieh Chao

  30. 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN MAC • MAC data rate of 10 Gb/s • Using existing full duplex mode • New rate adaptation capability • Extend interframe gap • Not used for the LAN PHY types Han-Chieh Chao

  31. PMD Options Han-Chieh Chao

  32. 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY Types • Physical Coding Sublayer(PCS) provides packet delineation and scrambling for the LAN PHY. • The WAN PHY uses the same mechanism for packet delineation and scrambling in the SONET Payload. • The WAN Interface Sublayer(WIS) adds the SONET framing, scrambling (x7+x6+1), and overhead. Han-Chieh Chao

  33. 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN MAC • The MAC transmits a long Inter-Packet Gap (IPG) between packets when the WAN PHY is used. • The number of bytes added to each IPG is proportional to the length of the previous packet. • These extra bytes of IPG are removed during 64B/66B encoding to effectively reduce the data rate. Han-Chieh Chao

  34. PMD Options • Uses the same set of serial PMDs as the LAN PHY(850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm) • Support distances up to 300m on installed MMF and at least 40km on SMF. Han-Chieh Chao

  35. 10 Gigabit Ethernet Layer Datagram Han-Chieh Chao

  36. Detailed Illustration of the PHYs and Associated PMDs Han-Chieh Chao

  37. Application Han-Chieh Chao

  38. 802.3ae to 802.3z comparison Han-Chieh Chao

  39. Application for 10 Gigabit Ethernet • 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN • 10 Gigabit Ethernet in MAN • 10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN • 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN Han-Chieh Chao

  40. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN • Campus Backbone • Higher speed links • Inter-Campus • Long distance connectivity • Server Farm • Higher bandwidth content • Broadband Access driven demand to & from servers Han-Chieh Chao

  41. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN(cont.) • Extended Storage Area Networks • Meeting SAN QoS requirements across WANs • Removal of LAN bottlenecks • Eliminate of 1Gbps link aggregation issues Han-Chieh Chao

  42. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in LAN(cont.) Han-Chieh Chao

  43. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in MAN Han-Chieh Chao

  44. MAN Evolves… • Ethernet reaches into the local loop • Broadband Video • Telephony • Internet Access • Video-on-Demand • Video Conferencing • Telemedicine • Distance Learning • Others… Han-Chieh Chao

  45. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN Han-Chieh Chao

  46. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in WAN(cont.) • Seamless access to the optical infrastructure • Simple, very high speed, low cost inter/intra-PoP connection Han-Chieh Chao

  47. Market Impact Han-Chieh Chao

  48. Market Impact(cont.) • 10GbE revenue in WAN/MAN will grow over 2500% to $1.8 billion USD in 2003. • 10GbE LAN will start significant penetration in 2003. • 10GbE market will reach $3.6 billion USD in 2004. Han-Chieh Chao

  49. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN Han-Chieh Chao

  50. 10 Gigabit Ethernet in SAN(cont.) • Devices connected via 10G Ethernet • Database servers • Technical/scientific/supercomputing • High-resolution Video • Local & Remote Data Mirroring • Centralized Backup • Storage Service Provider Han-Chieh Chao

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