1 / 10

Types of Sediment

Learn about the seven types of sediment and the characteristics of sedimentary rocks, including clastic and orthochemical components. Explore the Mineral Chemical Stability Series and Relative Abundance of Minerals in sedimentary rocks. Understand the formation and composition of carbonate rocks and sedimentary environments.

wwilliams
Download Presentation

Types of Sediment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Types of Sediment • Sediments are lithified into sedimentary rocks. • There are seven types of sediment: • Epiclastic or terrigenous (normal) • Pyroclastic • Orthochemical • Allochemical • Residual or pedogenic • Cosmogenic • Polygenetic.

  2. Characteristics of the Components of Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic components • Mineralogy or for lithic clasts, petrography • Grain/clast size • Grain/clast morphology (sphericity, roundness) • Grain/clast sorting • Orthochemical components. • Mineralogy, crystal size, crystal shape & fabric

  3. Mineral Chemical Stability Series • Most Stable: quartz, zircon, tourmaline • micro-quartz (chert & chalcedony) • Muscovite • K-feldspar • albite____________________________________ • plagioclase feldspars • hornblende, biotite • pyroxene • olivine • Least Stable: From albite and above minerals form in the sedimentary environment (authigenic).

  4. Relative Abundance of Minerals • Terrigenous Minerals • Quartz 30-50%, Clay minerals 25-35, Metamorphic rock fragments 5-15%, Feldspar 5-15%, Chert 1-4%, Micas 0.1-0.4%, Carbonates 0.2-0.4%, Heavy Minerals 0.1- 1.0 • Chemical Minerals • Carbonates 70-85%, Silica 10-15%, Sulphates and salts 2-7%, Miscellaneous 2-7%.

  5. CARBONATE ROCKS • Deposited Loose (may not be totally clear) >90% lime mud: mudstone (deposited loose) <90% lime mud: wackestone (deposited loose) grain supported with muddy matrix: packstone grain supported well sorted: grainstone Deposited bound together during deposition boundstone (e.g. stromatolite) No depositional texture preserved. crystalline carbonate.

  6. CARBONATE STAINING • Rocks and slides are stained using dilute acid and two dyes. • Calcite is red if Fe-free, purple if Fe-rich • Pure dolomite does not stain, Fe-dolomite stains blue.

More Related