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SEDIMENT/WATER POLLUTION

SEDIMENT/WATER POLLUTION. FELIX RIZK.

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SEDIMENT/WATER POLLUTION

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  1. SEDIMENT/WATER POLLUTION FELIX RIZK

  2. Pollution – the addition of matter/energy to a natural/artificial environments in amounts or at rates that causes undesired alteration to the environment. Therefore pollution can refer to “excesses” such as wastes. Waste is anything considered “worthless,” or what one cannot readily use -2000lbs/day in U.S.

  3. NATURAL POLLUTION - Mount St Helens

  4. POLLUTION PROPERTIES OF POLLUTANTS • PERSISTENCE – length of time pollutants take before the degrade into harmless components. Biodegradable materials- short persistence. • RESIDENCE TIME – the time it takes for pollutants to move through an environment. Persistent pollutants do more damage. • HAZARDOUS – reactivity, ignitability, corrosivity, or toxicity are the 4 hazardous qualities of pollutants.

  5. Hazardous wastes

  6. SEDIMENT POLLUTION • EROSION is a natural process that produces and moves sediment in the environment. It becomes a pollutant through human activities that exposes the land surface to rapid erosion: FARMING, CONSTRUCTION, MINING. • DAMAGE includes clogging gills, and killing aquatic benthic animals like corals/fish; eutrophication (reduced dissolved oxygen); flooding (reducing channel size).

  7. Sediment Pollution

  8. DO REQUIREMENTS

  9. WATER POLLUTION – is closely associated with water quality. • Water quality terms include freshwater, salinewater, brackish water, black water, grey water, and potable water. • Potable water- water suitable for cooking and drinking–water quality determines its intended use. Human potable water may differ from potable water for farm animals. Such water must be odorless, tasteless, colorless, non-corrosive, and should not contain toxic substances. • EPA set national potable water standards known as MCLs – primary (protects human health, legally enforced) vs secondary (cosmetic properties, not legally enforced).

  10. CHEMICAL – AGRICULTURE – DOMESTIC – MINING/CONSTRUCTION – POWER PLANTS – FOOD PROCESSING Hazardous/toxic wastes; surface and groundwater Sediments, chemicals. Sewage, landfills, air pollutants (acids,ozone). Sediment, acid drainage, air pollutants (acid, dust). Radiation, heat, air pollutants. Nutrient pollutants. WATER POLLUTION SOURCES

  11. GROUNDWATER POLLUTION • GW is now 53% US potable water source. But 25% GW in US is polluted. • More protected than surface water. But once polluted it is hard to reclaim – GW moves very slowly and DO content is low. • MAJOR SOURCES OF GW POLLUTION: • Septic tanks, USTs, saltwater, landfills, spills, waste disposal ponds, deep injectionwells, and agriculture.

  12. MARINE WATER POLLUTION • Mainly coastal waters – why? Sources are: • RUNOFF (44%) – manure, oil spills, raw sewage. • ATMOSPHERE (33%) –mercury, acid deposition. • DIRECT DUMPING (22%) – manure, raw sewage (7200 beach closures in US, 1998), oil spills/tanker flushing (marine food contamination), and sludge dumping.

  13. Photochemical Smog

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