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Disaster Nursing

Disaster Nursing. Christina Barrick. Objectives. Describe examples of natural and manmade disasters. attack. Describe the different phases of a disaster. Discuss the nurse’s role in managing the disaster victim. Compare the reactions of children and the elderly.

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Disaster Nursing

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  1. Disaster Nursing Christina Barrick

  2. Objectives • Describe examples of natural and manmade disasters. attack. • Describe the different phases of a disaster. • Discuss the nurse’s role in managing the disaster victim. • Compare the reactions of children and the elderly. • Discuss the role of the nurse in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. • Apply principles of triage to select situations. • Describe the principles of disaster management.

  3. What is a Disaster? • Forces overwhelm a community. • Services are compromised. • Outside assistance is required.

  4. Characteristics of Disaster Agents • Predictability • Frequency • Controllability/Mitigation • Time: speed, duration • Scope • Intensity • Community Implications

  5. Manmade Disasters: Terrorism • D.O.D estimates that as many as 26 nations possess chemical or biological agents. • 10 countries are believed to possess biological agents as weapons • Attack can take many forms • Aerosolized agents

  6. Nuclear Attack

  7. Nuclear and Radiological Attack • “Dirty Bomb” • Appeal to terrorists • Availability

  8. Natural Disaster: Tsunami

  9. Phases of a Disaster • Pre-disaster • Warning • Impact • Emergency • isolation • rescue • remedy • Recovery

  10. Immediate Physical Management of the Disaster Victim • Validate what you hear • Perform a thorough assessment • Assess for other injuries/illnesses even when symptoms are absent • Is the condition life-threatening • What is past medical history? • Do not ignore patient fears or complaints

  11. Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of a Disaster Victim • Pre-disaster Preparations and Warning Phase • reactions: apathy to panic • interventions: mock drills, leadership • important goal • interventions: mental health services

  12. Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of a Disaster Victim • Impact and Emergency Phase • reaction: “disaster syndrome” • Interventions: prevent isolation, rumor control

  13. Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of a Disaster Victim • Recovery Phase • reaction • interventions

  14. Reactions of Children to a Disaster • Developments level • Family’s reactions • Separation anxiety • School refusals • Enuresis • Guilt

  15. Reactions of Children to a Disaster • Interventions • Research • www.fema.gov/kids

  16. Elderly Reactions • Generally cope better • Prob. related to chronic illness/resources • Fear loss of independence • Interventions • assistance with clean up • financial, legal, and tax info. • refer to a support team • refer to appropriate comm. agencies

  17. Caregivers Reactions • Same as Victim • Role Strain • Concerns over Personal Safety & Family • Possessiveness towards victims • Nurse - parent identification with pediatric victims • Interventions • clear disaster plans & disaster exercises

  18. Criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder • The trauma is universally recognized • Re-experience the trauma • Demonstrate either emotional numbing or decrease in normal events

  19. Three Tier Triage System • First Priority • Second Priority • Third Priority

  20. Three Tier Triage System • Special Cases: • pregnancies • injured disaster personnel • family of rescue worker • agitated of violent patients

  21. Role of the Nurse at the Disaster Site • Insure safety • First Aid • Emergency care

  22. Role of the Nurse in a Shelter • Objective: temporary means of caring • Assessment • Planing: • 24/7 nursing and ancillary coverage • Supplies • Implementation • Evaluation

  23. Role of the CHN in a Community Setting After a Disaster • Goal: Achieve the best possible level of health for persons in a community after a disaster • Primary Prevention • Secondary Prevention • Tertiary Prevention

  24. Prevention Levels in Disaster Management • Primary Prevention • Secondary Prevention • Tertiary Prevention

  25. Principles of Disaster Management • Prevent the disaster • Minimize casualties • Prevent further casualties • Rescue the victims • First aid • Evacuate • Medical care • Reconstruction

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