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DEFENSE and SUPPORT: Muscular and Skeletal Systems

DEFENSE and SUPPORT: Muscular and Skeletal Systems. How do these systems provide DEFENSE and SUPPORT? . Skeletal System : produces immune cells to protect against disease causing bacteria and viruses .

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DEFENSE and SUPPORT: Muscular and Skeletal Systems

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  1. DEFENSE and SUPPORT: Muscular and Skeletal Systems

  2. How do these systems provide DEFENSE and SUPPORT? • Skeletal System: produces immune cells to protect against disease causing bacteria and viruses. • Muscular system: coordinates with the nervous system to help animals respond to their environment.

  3. Muscular System: The main organs of the muscular system are the muscles. There are 3 types of muscles tissue made up of individual muscle cells, called fibers.

  4. Types of Muscles: Skeletal Muscle 1. _________________: These muscles are usually attached to _______ and allow for the movement of ______. Since these muscles can be controlled by a the organism, they are known as __________ muscles. These muscles also help maintain our posture and protect internal organs. bones limbs voluntary

  5. a. Muscles are attached to bones with a special connective tissue known as a _______. tendon

  6. Image by Theresa Knott Types of Muscles: Smooth Muscle 2. ________________: This type of muscle is found within the walls of organs like the ___________, _________, and the __________ allowing these organs to ________ and ________. Smooth muscle is not under conscious control, so it is known as ____________ muscle. intestines diaphragm bladder expand contract involuntary

  7. -Smooth muscle also helps move food through your digestive tract via the process Peristalsis.

  8. Types of Muscles: Cardiac Muscle 3. _______________: This type of muscle is not under your control, so it is also considered ____________. It is only found in the _______ which is why it is called ________ muscle. involuntary heart cardiac

  9. Characteristics and Functions: a. Skeletal muscles work in pairs. Flexors cause joints to bend while your extensors cause joints to straighten out. Ex) Biceps are flexors and triceps are extensors

  10. b. Muscles use a large amount of ________. This requires them to produce large amounts of the energy molecule called _____. These molecules are produced in the _____________ through the process of cellular respiration. This is why there are a greater than average number of mitochondria in ________ cells. energy ATP mitochondria muscle

  11. c. Cellular respiration requires the bodyto absorb ________ gas.When ____ cannot be absorbed fast enough,the body produces a compound known as __________. O2 oxygen lactic acid

  12. Organization of Life:Muscular System

  13. Muscular Body System Interactions: • Digestive System: smooth muscle found in the stomach and intestinal tract helps move digested food through the body. • Circulatory /Respiratory System: products of cellular respiration (CO2, lactic acid) from the muscular system are removed via the blood stream. • Nervous System: signals muscles to contract for movement and response to environmental stimuli.

  14. Skeletal System: The main organs of the skeletal system are the _______. Bones work with muscles to _______, ________, and _________ sensitive internal organs. bones move protect support

  15. Evolutionary Trends of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems Complex Simple

  16. Characteristics and Functions a. Bones are attached to other bones with special connective tissues known as _________. ligaments

  17. b. A place where one bone attaches to another is called a joint. • Types of Joints: • Ball-in- Socket • Hinge • Gliding • Pivot

  18. c. Bones are a living part of your body that contain _________ tissue to send and receive information, as well as blood vessels to bring the __________ and ________ gas that is necessary for the bones’ health and growth. nervous nutrients oxygen

  19. d. Bone is composed of two types of tissue: • Spongy: soft, interior layer of bone tissue. • Site of red blood cell production • Less dense • Contains bone marrow • Compact: outer layer of tissue surrounding bone. • Stores minerals – Calcium. • Extremely dense and strong

  20. Photo by Steve Fruitsmaak e. Bone _________ is found inside of bones. This tissue is responsible for creating new _______ cells in animals. These cells are a vital part of the ___________ system. marrow blood circulatory

  21. Organization of Life: Skeletal System OSTEOCYTES Compact or Spongy Femur, Tibia, Vertebrae, Skull  SKELETAL

  22. Skeletal Body System Interactions: • Circulatory System: bones help produce new blood cells in addition to storing minerals transported by the circulatory system. • Muscular System: bones and muscles work in opposing pairs to perform body movement. Muscles and bones support, protect, and maintain posture for the human body. • Nervous System: bones protect many vital organs of the nervous system – Skull (brain), Vertebrae (spinal cord).

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