Unit 4

1. Unit 4 Chapter 8 section 1 Royal power grows Goals: Understand how Kings centralized their authority in the high middle ages Understand how England developed as a Limited Monarchy and France as an Absolute Monarchy.

2. Geography

3. History of the Island of Great Britain • Following the fall of Rome in the 5th Century Germanic invaders (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) took the island • Locals (Picts, Celts, ) • Alfred the Great (Wessex 871-899) • First man to Unite the 7 kingdoms (against the Danish Vikings) • Won support as King of all England • Began tradition of “consulting” his Barons • Limited monarchy introduced The Birth of England

4. King Edward the Confessordied with no heir in 1066 • English Barons elect Harold IIEdward’s brother in law • Edward’s cousin William Duke of Normandy claims Edward promised him the throne • William finally invades and defeated Harold II at the Battle of Hastingsin October of 1066 The problems of succession

5. William I (1066-1087) • Subdued Saxon revolts • Built castles • Gave his Norman Barons 5/6 of the land • Loyalty oaths • The Domesday Book • Efficient taxation

6. The Norman Kings of England come to an end after the reign of Henry I • The Next dynasty: ThePlantagenets • His daughter Matilda married Duke Geoffrey of Anjou (France) • Their son Henry II became the first Plantagenet King of England The Plantagenet or Angevin Dynasty

8. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine • Sons • Richard I (“Lion heart”) • John I (“soft sword” or “Lackland”) • Ruled over England and most of France • Developed a unified legal system • Common Law • Jury system Henry II

9. English possessions in France

10. Richard I (1189-1199) • “Couer De Lion” • Spoke little English • Only 7 months in England • Emptied the treasury with many wars, ransom • Died in France

11. Angevin Lands

12. “Lackland” lost Normandy and Anjou • Heavy debt (lots of new taxes), confiscated Church property, abusive and corrupt • Feuded with Innocent III over appointment of Bishop(Entire island placed under Interdict) • 1215 at Runnymede forced to sign Magna Carta (foundation of Limited monarchy) • Preserved rights of the Nobles against the monarchy (ex: Taxation only with approval of Great Council, rights of the accused) • 1200’s Parliament develops in a modern sense (two houses) gains the power of the purse and limits the King’s power John I (1199-1216)

13. Rule of law • Powers and privileges of the king are clearly defined and limited • Charter provides for enforcement of restrictions placed on the king • Fairness of the laws and their execution • "Reasonable" rules and regulations • Equal justice under the law • Recognition of customs, traditions, and established rights • Restoration of property and fines if not justly taken • Punishment in proportion to the crime • Commitment to "due process of law" • Established procedures • No trial without evidence/testimony to support accusations • Reliance on local courts and magistrates • Trials held in a timely manner • Trials open to the public • Trial by a jury of one's peers • Respect for economic rights • Right to property • Fairness in economic transactions—standard weights and measures • Reimbursement for and/or restoration of property • Freedom for merchants to move in order to conduct business

14. The Capetian dynasty (replaced the Carolingians) Hugh Capet 1stCapetian King in 987 • They controlled very little land • Most of the country dominated by powerful feudal princes • Slowly established a solid power base and eventually imposed their will on French Nobles France

15. Phillip II Augustus King at 25 • Goal weaken power of English Kings in France • Took Normandy back from John in 1204 • New administration for France • Used middle class “bailiffs” instead of nobles to collect taxes and administer the kings law • Absolute Monarchy is the result • Estates General eventually created but is too weak to cut into kings power (no power of the purse) • Why? Phillip II Augustus