1 / 23

VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESS

Is this reality or just someone’s imagination of reality?. VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESS. CONSCIOUSNESS. The awareness of internal and external stimuli Also includes: Awareness of self as unique Awareness of experiences. VARIATIONS IN LEVELS OF AWARENESS.

wyman
Download Presentation

VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Is this reality or just someone’s imagination of reality? VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESS

  2. CONSCIOUSNESS • The awareness of internal and external stimuli • Also includes: • Awareness of self as unique • Awareness of experiences

  3. VARIATIONS IN LEVELS OF AWARENESS • William James---stream of consciousness • Freud believed that stream had depth (unconscious) • Conscious and unconscious are levels of consciousness

  4. CONSCIOUSNESS AND BRAIN ACTIVITY • Consciousness is not centered in one structure • EEG is the best measurement • Records brain waves • 4 principle waves: beta, alpha, theta, and delta

  5. BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS AND SLEEP • Biological rhythms: periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning • Circadian rhythms: 24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species

  6. IGNORING CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS • Quality of sleep • Crossing time zones causes jet lag • Going to bed a couple of hours later affects rhythm

  7. THE SLEEP AND WAKE CYCLE

  8. CONDUCTING SLEEP RESEARCH • Use EEG • Electromyograph (EMG): records muscular activity and tension • Electrooculograph (EOG): records eye movements

  9. STAGES OF SLEEP---Stage 1 • 1: lasts 1-7 minutes; drowsiness; breathing and heart rate decrease; muscle activity declines • Hypnic jerks: brief muscular contractions • Primarily theta waves

  10. STAGES OF SLEEP---STAGE 2 • 10-25 minutes • Sleep spindles: higher-frequency brain waves • Brain waves become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency

  11. STAGES OF SLEEP---STAGES 3 AND 4 • Lasts c. 30 minutes • Slow-wave sleep: high amp, low frequency delta waves prominent • After: cycle reverses • Before reaching stage one again, ….

  12. REM SLEEP • 5th stage • Irregular breathing and pulse • Virtually paralyzed • Beta waves • High-frequency, low amp brain waves, and vivid dreaming • Non-REM (nREM): stages 1-4

  13. REPEATING THE CYCLE • Usually repeat c. 4 times • REM periods get longer; peak at 40-60 min. • NREM periods get shorter • Young adults: 60% in light sleep (1 and 2); 20% in slow wave sleep (3 and 4); 20% in REM

  14. AGE AND SLEEP • Infants: 6-8 times in 24 hrs; 16+ hrs total • 50% in REM • As age increases, deep sleep decreases in amt • Total sleep increases w/age

  15. CULTURE AND SLEEP • Co-sleeping: children and parents sleep together • Discouraged in western societies • Napping is cultural; siesta cultures

  16. NEURAL BASES OF SLEEP • Reticular Formation important in sleep and wakefulness • Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS): afferent fibers running through the RF that influence physiological arousal

  17. NEURAL BASES OF SLEEP CONTINUED • Pons assoc. with REM sleep • Areas in medulla, thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system assoc. with control of sleep and waking • NT’s involved: ACh, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA

  18. EVOLUTIONARY BASES OF SLEEP • Conserve energy • Reduce exposure to predators • Helps to restore energy and other bodily resources • Which do you believe?

  19. SLEEP DEPRIVATION • Complete deprivation negatively effects mood, cognitive and perceptual-motor tasks • Difficult to go past 3 or 4 days w/o sleep • Partial deprivation: losing substantially less sleep over a period of time; very common

  20. SLEEP DEPRIVATION CONTINUED • Selective deprivation • Repeated disruption of sleep • Experiments show rebound effect: making up time in stages where sleep was interrupted

  21. INSOMNIA • Insomnia: chronic problems in getting adequate sleep • 3 main types 1: difficulty in falling asleep 2: difficulty maintaining sleep 3: persistent early-morning waking --assoc. w/ daytime fatigue, impaired functioning, reduced productivity, increased health problems

  22. INSOMNIA • Sleep state misperception: pseudoinsomnia • Causes: anxiety, stress, depression, various health problems • Treatment: sedatives for short term solution

  23. Narcolepsy: sudden onset of sleep during normal waking periods Sleep apnea: frequent, reflexive gasping for air that disrupts sleep Nightmares: anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM Night terrors: abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied w/intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic Sleepwalking: walking around while asleep OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS

More Related